CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar 364002, India.
Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad 201002, India.
Int J Mol Sci. 2022 Jan 8;23(2):660. doi: 10.3390/ijms23020660.
The frequency and severity of extreme climatic conditions such as drought, salinity, cold, and heat are increasing due to climate change. Moreover, in the field, plants are affected by multiple abiotic stresses simultaneously or sequentially. Thus, it is imperative to compare the effects of stress combinations on crop plants relative to individual stresses. This study investigated the differential regulation of physio-biochemical and metabolomics parameters in peanut ( L.) under individual (salt, drought, cold, and heat) and combined stress treatments using multivariate correlation analysis. The results showed that combined heat, salt, and drought stress compounds the stress effect of individual stresses. Combined stresses that included heat had the highest electrolyte leakage and lowest relative water content. Lipid peroxidation and chlorophyll contents did not significantly change under combined stresses. Biochemical parameters, such as free amino acids, polyphenol, starch, and sugars, significantly changed under combined stresses compared to individual stresses. Free amino acids increased under combined stresses that included heat; starch, sugars, and polyphenols increased under combined stresses that included drought; proline concentration increased under combined stresses that included salt. Metabolomics data that were obtained under different individual and combined stresses can be used to identify molecular phenotypes that are involved in the acclimation response of plants under changing abiotic stress conditions. Peanut metabolomics identified 160 metabolites, including amino acids, sugars, sugar alcohols, organic acids, fatty acids, sugar acids, and other organic compounds. Pathway enrichment analysis revealed that abiotic stresses significantly affected amino acid, amino sugar, and sugar metabolism. The stress treatments affected the metabolites that were associated with the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) and urea cycles and associated amino acid biosynthesis pathway intermediates. Principal component analysis (PCA), partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), and heatmap analysis identified potential marker metabolites (pinitol, malic acid, and xylopyranose) that were associated with abiotic stress combinations, which could be used in breeding efforts to develop peanut cultivars that are resilient to climate change. The study will also facilitate researchers to explore different stress indicators to identify resistant cultivars for future crop improvement programs.
由于气候变化，干旱、盐度、寒冷和高温等极端气候条件的频率和严重程度正在增加。此外，在田间，植物同时或先后受到多种非生物胁迫的影响。因此，比较胁迫组合对作物的影响相对于单一胁迫是至关重要的。本研究通过多元相关分析，研究了在单一（盐、干旱、寒冷和高温）和组合胁迫处理下，花生（Arachis hypogaea）生理生化和代谢组学参数的差异调节。结果表明，组合热、盐和干旱胁迫加剧了单一胁迫的胁迫效应。包含热的组合胁迫具有最高的电解质渗漏和最低的相对含水量。脂质过氧化和叶绿素含量在组合胁迫下没有显著变化。与单一胁迫相比，生化参数如游离氨基酸、多酚、淀粉和糖在组合胁迫下显著变化。在包含热的组合胁迫下，游离氨基酸增加；在包含干旱的组合胁迫下，淀粉、糖和多酚增加；在包含盐的组合胁迫下，脯氨酸浓度增加。在不同的个体和组合胁迫下获得的代谢组学数据可用于鉴定与植物在不断变化的非生物胁迫条件下的适应反应相关的分子表型。花生代谢组学鉴定了 160 种代谢物，包括氨基酸、糖、糖醇、有机酸、脂肪酸、糖酸和其他有机化合物。途径富集分析表明，非生物胁迫显著影响氨基酸、氨基糖和糖代谢。胁迫处理影响与三羧酸（TCA）和尿素循环及相关氨基酸生物合成途径中间体相关的代谢物。主成分分析（PCA）、偏最小二乘判别分析（PLS-DA）和热图分析确定了与非生物胁迫组合相关的潜在标记代谢物（pinitol、苹果酸和木吡喃糖），可用于培育工作，以开发对气候变化具有弹性的花生品种。该研究还将有助于研究人员探索不同的胁迫指标，以确定未来作物改良计划的抗性品种。
