School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis. 2020 Jun 1;1866(6):165767. doi: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2020.165767. Epub 2020 Mar 18.
Poor diet and obesity are associated with cognitive impairment throughout adulthood, and increased dementia risk in aging. Here we review the current literature interrogating the mechanisms by which diets high in fat, or fat and sugar lead to cognitive impairment, focusing on changes to gut microbiome composition, inflammatory signalling and blood-brain barrier integrity. Preclinical studies indicate weight gain is not necessary for diet-induced cognitive impairment. Rather, gut microbiome composition, and systemic and central inflammatory processes appear to contribute to diet-induced cognitive impairment. While both obese humans and rodents exhibit reduced blood-brain barrier integrity, cognitive impairments precede these changes, suggesting other mechanisms may underly diet-induced cognitive changes. Other potential candidates include hormone, glucoregulatory and cardiovascular changes. Poor diet and obesity act through multiple mechanisms to affect cognitive health and the challenge for future research is to identify key processes that can be reversed to improve cognition and quality of life.
不良饮食和肥胖与整个成年期的认知障碍有关，并会增加衰老时患痴呆症的风险。在这里，我们回顾了目前的文献，探讨了高脂肪或高脂肪和高糖饮食导致认知障碍的机制，重点关注肠道微生物组组成、炎症信号和血脑屏障完整性的变化。临床前研究表明，体重增加不是饮食引起认知障碍所必需的。相反，肠道微生物组组成以及全身和中枢炎症过程似乎与饮食引起的认知障碍有关。虽然肥胖的人类和啮齿动物都表现出血脑屏障完整性降低，但认知障碍先于这些变化发生，这表明其他机制可能是饮食引起认知变化的基础。其他潜在的候选因素包括激素、糖调节和心血管变化。不良饮食和肥胖通过多种机制影响认知健康，未来研究的挑战是确定可以逆转以改善认知和生活质量的关键过程。
