Fabius Jasper H, Nijboer Tanja C W, Fracasso Alessio, Van der Stigchel Stefan
Experimental Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom.
Experimental Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Center of Excellence for Rehabilitation Medicine, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University and De Hoogstraat Rehabilitation, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
Cortex. 2020 Jun;127:108-119. doi: 10.1016/j.cortex.2020.01.027. Epub 2020 Feb 19.
Visual perception is introspectively stable and continuous across eye movements. It has been hypothesized that displacements in retinal input caused by eye movements can be dissociated from displacements in the external world using extra-retinal information, such as a corollary discharge from the oculomotor system. The extra-retinal information can inform the visual system about an upcoming eye movement and accompanying displacements in retinal input. The parietal cortex has been hypothesized to be critically involved in integrating retinal and extra-retinal information. Two tasks have been widely used to assess the quality of this integration: double-step saccades and intra-saccadic displacements. Double-step saccades performed by patients with parietal cortex lesions seemed to show hypometric second saccades. However, recently idea has been refuted by demonstrating that patients with very similar lesions were able to perform the double step saccades, albeit taking multiple saccades to reach the saccade target. So, it seems that extra-retinal information is still available for saccade execution after a lesion to the parietal lobe. Here, we investigated whether extra-retinal signals are also available for perceptual judgements in nine patients with strokes affecting the posterior parietal cortex. We assessed perceptual continuity with the intra-saccadic displacement task. We exploited the increased sensitivity when a small temporal blank is introduced after saccade offset (blank effect). The blank effect is thought to reflect the availability of extra-retinal signals for perceptual judgements. Although patients exhibited a relative difference to control subjects, they still demonstrated the blank effect. The data suggest that a lesion to the posterior parietal cortex (PPC) alters the processing of extra-retinal signals but does not abolish their influence altogether.
视觉感知在眼动过程中通过内省是稳定且连续的。据推测,眼动引起的视网膜输入位移可以利用视网膜外信息与外部世界的位移区分开来,例如动眼系统的伴随放电。视网膜外信息可以向视觉系统告知即将发生的眼动以及视网膜输入中随之而来的位移。据推测,顶叶皮层在整合视网膜和视网膜外信息方面起着关键作用。有两项任务被广泛用于评估这种整合的质量:双步扫视和扫视过程中的位移。患有顶叶皮层损伤的患者执行双步扫视时,似乎第二步扫视幅度不足。然而,最近这一观点被推翻了,因为研究表明,患有非常相似损伤的患者能够执行双步扫视,尽管需要多次扫视才能到达扫视目标。所以,似乎在顶叶损伤后,视网膜外信息仍然可用于扫视执行。在此,我们调查了影响后顶叶皮层的九名中风患者的视网膜外信号是否也可用于感知判断。我们使用扫视过程中的位移任务评估感知连续性。我们利用了在扫视结束后引入一个小的时间空白时增加的敏感性(空白效应)。空白效应被认为反映了用于感知判断的视网膜外信号的可用性。尽管患者与对照组相比表现出相对差异,但他们仍然表现出空白效应。数据表明,后顶叶皮层(PPC)损伤会改变视网膜外信号的处理,但并没有完全消除它们的影响。