Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, California, USA.
Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, California, USA,
Nestle Nutr Inst Workshop Ser. 2020;94:152-157. doi: 10.1159/000505067. Epub 2020 Mar 13.
Osteopontin (OPN) is an acidic phosphorylated glycoprotein involved in a wide range of biological activities, such as cell proliferation and differentiation, as well as immunomodulatory functions. OPN contains integrin and CD44 binding sites, and it exerts its multiple functions by binding to its receptors on the cell membrane to trigger various cellular signaling pathways. It is generated by a variety of cell types, including epithelial cells and immune cells. OPN appears in most body fluids, such as milk and blood, and is present at a high concentration in human milk but not in bovine milk. Milk OPN is relatively resistant to digestion, and orally ingested OPN can enter the circulatory system. Milk OPN may, therefore, play essential roles in the development in early life. The impact of milk OPN on development has been investigated using cell models, animal models, and randomized clinical trials. Recent OPN studies strongly suggest that milk OPN plays important roles in intestinal proliferation and maturation, brain myelination, and neurodevelopment, as well as immune development.
骨桥蛋白（OPN）是一种酸性磷酸化糖蛋白，参与多种生物活性，如细胞增殖和分化以及免疫调节功能。OPN 含有整合素和 CD44 结合位点，通过与细胞膜上的受体结合来触发各种细胞信号通路，从而发挥其多种功能。它由多种细胞类型产生，包括上皮细胞和免疫细胞。OPN 存在于大多数体液中，如牛奶和血液中，人乳中含量很高，但牛乳中却没有。乳 OPN 相对不易消化，口服摄入的 OPN 可以进入循环系统。因此，乳 OPN 可能在生命早期的发育中发挥重要作用。已经使用细胞模型、动物模型和随机临床试验研究了乳 OPN 对发育的影响。最近的 OPN 研究强烈表明，乳 OPN 对肠道增殖和成熟、大脑髓鞘形成和神经发育以及免疫发育起着重要作用。
