Giacometti L L, Barker J M
Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, United States.
Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2020 Jun;113:157-168. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.03.010. Epub 2020 Mar 12.
Clinical and preclinical research have identified sex differences in substance use and addiction-related behaviors. Historically, substance use disorders are more prevalent in men than women, though this gap is closing. Despite this difference, women appear to be more susceptible to the effects of many drugs and progress to substance abuse treatment more quickly than men. While the glutamate system is a key regulator of addiction-related behaviors, much of the work implicating glutamate signaling and glutamatergic circuits has been conducted in men and male rodents. An increasing number of studies have identified sex differences in drug-induced glutamate alterations as well as sex and estrous cycle differences in drug seeking behaviors. This review will describe sex differences in the glutamate system with an emphasis on implications for substance use disorders, highlighting the gaps in our current understanding of how innate and drug-induced alterations in the glutamate system may contribute to sex differences in addiction-related behaviors.
临床和临床前研究已经确定了物质使用及成瘾相关行为中的性别差异。从历史上看，物质使用障碍在男性中比在女性中更为普遍，不过这种差距正在缩小。尽管存在这种差异，但女性似乎对许多药物的影响更敏感，并且比男性更快地进入药物滥用治疗阶段。虽然谷氨酸系统是成瘾相关行为的关键调节因子，但许多涉及谷氨酸信号传导和谷氨酸能回路的研究都是在雄性啮齿动物和男性身上进行的。越来越多的研究已经确定了药物诱导的谷氨酸变化中的性别差异以及觅药行为中的性别和发情周期差异。本综述将描述谷氨酸系统中的性别差异，重点关注对物质使用障碍的影响，突出我们目前对谷氨酸系统的先天性和药物诱导性改变如何导致成瘾相关行为中的性别差异的理解差距。
