Wolf Erik J, Cruz Theresa H, Emondi Alfred A, Langhals Nicholas B, Naufel Stephanie, Peng Grace C Y, Schulz Brian W, Wolfson Michael
1Clinical and Rehabilitative Medicine Research Program, US Army Medical Research and Development Command, Fort Detrick, MD 21702 USA.
2National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA.
Biomed Eng Lett. 2019 Aug 8;10(1):119-128. doi: 10.1007/s13534-019-00127-7. eCollection 2020 Feb.
The Department of Defense, Department of Veterans Affairs and National Institutes of Health have invested significantly in advancing prosthetic technologies over the past 25 years, with the overall intent to improve the function, participation and quality of life of Service Members, Veterans, and all United States Citizens living with limb loss. These investments have contributed to substantial advancements in the control and sensory perception of prosthetic devices over the past decade. While control of motorized prosthetic devices through the use of electromyography has been widely available since the 1980s, this technology is not intuitive. Additionally, these systems do not provide stimulation for sensory perception. Recent research has made significant advancement not only in the intuitive use of electromyography for control but also in the ability to provide relevant meaningful perceptions through various stimulation approaches. While much of this previous work has traditionally focused on those with upper extremity amputation, new developments include advanced bidirectional neuroprostheses that are applicable to both the upper and lower limb amputation. The goal of this review is to examine the state-of-the-science in the areas of intuitive control and sensation of prosthetic devices and to discuss areas of exploration for the future. Current research and development efforts in external systems, implanted systems, surgical approaches, and regenerative approaches will be explored.
在过去25年里，美国国防部、退伍军人事务部和国立卫生研究院在推进假肢技术方面投入了大量资金，总体目标是改善现役军人、退伍军人以及所有肢体残缺的美国公民的功能、参与度和生活质量。在过去十年中，这些投资推动了假肢装置控制和感官感知方面的重大进展。自20世纪80年代以来，通过肌电图控制电动假肢装置已广泛应用，但这项技术并不直观。此外，这些系统无法提供感官感知刺激。最近的研究不仅在肌电图用于控制的直观性方面取得了重大进展，而且在通过各种刺激方法提供相关有意义感知的能力方面也取得了进展。虽然此前的许多工作传统上都集中在上肢截肢者身上，但新的进展包括适用于上肢和下肢截肢的先进双向神经假肢。这篇综述的目的是研究假肢装置直观控制和感觉方面的科学现状，并讨论未来的探索领域。将探讨外部系统、植入系统、手术方法和再生方法方面当前的研发工作。
