Sabourin Laura, Vīnerte Santa
Department of Linguistics, University of Ottawa;
Department of Linguistics, University of Ottawa.
J Vis Exp. 2020 Feb 26(156). doi: 10.3791/60479.
The Stroop task in its many variations has been used in fields such as psychology, linguistics, and neuroscience to examine questions regarding the automaticity of reading, language processing, and cognitive control, among others. When looking at bilingual individuals, this task can be used to obtain measures of language interference and control in both a bilingual's first language (L1) and second language (L2), as well as for testing the bilingual advantage hypothesis. The Stroop task presents participants with color terms written in congruent colors (e.g., the word RED written in red font), incongruent colors (e.g., the word RED written in green font), in addition to noncolor terms for control (e.g., the word TREE presented in any color), and uses the reaction times from the different conditions to assess the degree of interference and facilitation. In the covert version of the Stroop bilingual task (i.e., participants respond by pressing a button rather than naming aloud), stimuli in the L1 and the L2 are typically presented in separate blocks. While this allows for a simple, yet effective assessment of processing and cognitive control in each language, it fails to capture any potential differences in processing and control within bilingual young adult groups. The present task combines single-language blocks with a novel mixed-language block to increase the level of difficulty of the task, thus making it suitable for testing cognitive control in young adults. Representative results showing differences between performance in the single-language vs. mixed-language blocks are presented, and the benefits of a mixed-language block are discussed.
Stroop任务有多种变体，已被应用于心理学、语言学和神经科学等领域，以研究诸如阅读自动化、语言处理和认知控制等问题。在研究双语者时，该任务可用于测量双语者第一语言（L1）和第二语言（L2）中的语言干扰和控制，还可用于检验双语优势假说。Stroop任务向参与者呈现用一致颜色书写的颜色词（例如，用红色字体书写的单词RED）、不一致颜色书写的颜色词（例如，用绿色字体书写的单词RED），此外还有用于对照的非颜色词（例如，用任何颜色呈现的单词TREE），并利用不同条件下的反应时间来评估干扰和促进程度。在Stroop双语任务的隐蔽版本中（即参与者通过按按钮而不是大声说出单词来做出反应），L1和L2中的刺激通常在不同的块中呈现。虽然这允许对每种语言的处理和认知控制进行简单而有效的评估，但它未能捕捉到双语青年群体中处理和控制方面的任何潜在差异。本任务将单语言块与新颖的混合语言块相结合，以增加任务的难度，从而使其适合测试年轻人的认知控制。展示了单语言块与混合语言块表现差异的代表性结果，并讨论了混合语言块的益处。
