Zhang Wenbin, Li Peng, Zhou Nianrong, Suo Chunguang, Chen Weiren, Wang Yanyun, Zhao Jiawen, Li Yincheng
Faculty of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650504, China.
School of Electrical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China.
Sensors (Basel). 2020 Mar 12;20(6):1585. doi: 10.3390/s20061585.
The traditional method of using electric field sensors to realize early warning of electric power safety distance cannot measure the distance of dangerous sources. Therefore, aiming at the electric field with a frequency of 50 to 60Hz (AC electric field), a new method for localization of aerial AC target by the capacitive one-dimensional spherical electric field sensor circular array is studied. This method can directly calculate the distance, elevation, and azimuth of the detector from the dangerous source. By combining the measurement principle of the spherical electric field sensor and the plane circular array theory, a mathematical model for the localization of aerial targets in an AC electric field is established. An error model was established using Gaussian noise and the effects of different layout parameters on the localization error were simulated. Based on mutual interference between sensors, minimum induced charge, and localization error, an optimal model for sensor layout was established, and it was solved by using genetic algorithms. The optimization results show that when the number of sensors is 4, the array radius is 20 cm, and the sensor radius is 1.5 cm, the ranging error is 8.4%. The detector was developed based on the layout parameters obtained from the optimization results, and the localization method was experimentally verified at 10 and 35 kV alarm distances. The experimental results show that when the detector is located at 10 kV alarm distance, the distance error is 0.18 m, the elevation error is 6.8°, and the azimuth error is 4.57°, and when it is located at 35 kV alarm distance, the distance error is 0.2 m, the elevation error is 4.8°, and the azimuth error is 5.14°, which meets the safety distance warning requirements of 10 and 35 kV voltage levels.
传统的利用电场传感器实现电力安全距离预警的方法无法测量危险源的距离。因此，针对频率为50至60Hz的电场（交流电场），研究了一种基于电容式一维球形电场传感器圆形阵列的空中交流目标定位新方法。该方法可直接计算探测器到危险源的距离、仰角和方位角。通过结合球形电场传感器的测量原理和平面圆形阵列理论，建立了交流电场中空中目标定位的数学模型。利用高斯噪声建立了误差模型，并模拟了不同布局参数对定位误差的影响。基于传感器之间的相互干扰、最小感应电荷和定位误差，建立了传感器布局的优化模型，并采用遗传算法进行求解。优化结果表明，当传感器数量为4、阵列半径为20cm、传感器半径为1.5cm时，测距误差为8.4%。基于优化结果得到的布局参数研制了探测器，并在10kV和35kV报警距离下对定位方法进行了实验验证。实验结果表明，当探测器位于10kV报警距离时，距离误差为0.18m，仰角误差为6.8°，方位角误差为4.57°；当位于35kV报警距离时，距离误差为0.2m，仰角误差为4.8°，方位角误差为5.14°，满足10kV和35kV电压等级的安全距离预警要求。
