Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes Campus, Adelaide, SA, 5095, Australia.
Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes Campus, Adelaide, SA, 5095, Australia.
Environ Pollut. 2020 Jul;262:114132. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114132. Epub 2020 Feb 6.
In this study, total concentration and inhalation bioaccessibility (dissolution in simulated biological solution) of trace elements (TE) and rare earth elements (REE) were assessed in PM from Canadian house dust samples with smoking (n = 25) and non-smoking (n = 25) status. Compared to the natural background concentrations in Canadian soils, median Zn, Pb, Cd and Cu concentrations in PM were 10-23 fold higher, while median La, Ce and Pr concentrations were 1.6-2.4 fold higher. Mann-Whitney tests (α = 0.05) indicated no difference between the median TE concentrations based on the smoking status of the household; however, median REE concentrations were significantly higher in the PM of smoking households. Additionally, Cd and Ni were positively correlated (Spearman r, p < 0.05) to La, Ce and Nd in smoking households, suggesting that tobacco combustion may have contributed REE in the PM of these households. Median inhalation-ingestion bioaccessibility assay outcomes of arsenic (As) and lead (Pb) was higher in the non-smoking households when compared to smoking households (Mann Whitney test, α = 0.05), suggesting that tobacco combustion products may be associated with less soluble species of As and Pb. Although REE bioaccessibility was negligible in simulated lung epithelial fluid regardless of the smoking status of the household, bioaccessibility in the lung-gastric phase was 23.6-27.6% in the smoking household and 34.7-36.7% in the non-smoking households, indicating a significantly lower REE dissolution in PM of smoking households. In contrast, between 17 and 21.9% bioaccessibility of REE was observed when artificial lysosomal fluid was used, where the outcome was not significantly affected by the smoking status. This study indicates that despite a higher median REE concentration in the PM of smoking households, inhalation bioaccessibility may be significantly influenced by the mineralogy.
在这项研究中，评估了来自加拿大有吸烟（n=25）和不吸烟（n=25）家庭的灰尘样本中痕量元素（TE）和稀土元素（REE）的总浓度和吸入生物可及性（在模拟生物溶液中的溶解）。与加拿大土壤中的自然背景浓度相比，PM 中 Zn、Pb、Cd 和 Cu 的中位数浓度高 10-23 倍，而 La、Ce 和 Pr 的中位数浓度高 1.6-2.4 倍。曼-惠特尼检验（α=0.05）表明，家庭吸烟状况与 TE 浓度中位数之间没有差异；然而，吸烟家庭 PM 中的 REE 浓度明显较高。此外，Cd 和 Ni 与 La、Ce 和 Nd 在吸烟家庭中呈正相关（Spearman r，p<0.05），这表明烟草燃烧可能导致这些家庭 PM 中的 REE。与吸烟家庭相比，非吸烟家庭中砷（As）和铅（Pb）的吸入-摄入生物可及性测定结果更高（曼-惠特尼检验，α=0.05），这表明烟草燃烧产物可能与 As 和 Pb 的可溶性较差有关。尽管无论家庭的吸烟状况如何，REE 在模拟肺上皮液中的生物可及性都可以忽略不计，但在吸烟家庭的肺-胃阶段的生物可及性为 23.6-27.6%，在非吸烟家庭为 34.7-36.7%，这表明吸烟家庭 PM 中 REE 的溶解率明显较低。相比之下，当使用人工溶酶体液时，REE 的生物可及性在 17%到 21.9%之间，其结果不受吸烟状况的显著影响。本研究表明，尽管吸烟家庭 PM 中的 REE 浓度中位数较高，但吸入生物可及性可能受到矿物质的显著影响。
