Kronemberger Gabriela S, Matsui Renata Akemi Morais, Miranda Guilherme de Almeida Santos de Castro E, Granjeiro José Mauro, Baptista Leandra Santos
Laboratory of Tissue Bioengineering, Directory of Metrology Applied to Life Sciences, National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology (INMETRO), Duque de Caxias, RJ 25250-020, Brazil.
World J Stem Cells. 2020 Feb 26;12(2):110-122. doi: 10.4252/wjsc.v12.i2.110.
Scaffold-free techniques in the developmental tissue engineering area are designed to mimic embryonic processes with the aim of biofabricating, , tissues with more authentic properties. Cell clusters called spheroids are the basis for scaffold-free tissue engineering. In this review, we explore the use of spheroids from adult mesenchymal stem/stromal cells as a model in the developmental engineering area in order to mimic the developmental stages of cartilage and bone tissues. Spheroids from adult mesenchymal stromal/stem cells lineages recapitulate crucial events in bone and cartilage formation during embryogenesis, and are capable of spontaneously fusing to other spheroids, making them ideal building blocks for bone and cartilage tissue engineering. Here, we discuss data from ours and other labs on the use of adipose stromal/stem cell spheroids in chondrogenesis and osteogenesis . Overall, recent studies support the notion that spheroids are ideal "building blocks" for tissue engineering by "bottom-up" approaches, which are based on tissue assembly by advanced techniques such as three-dimensional bioprinting. Further studies on the cellular and molecular mechanisms that orchestrate spheroid fusion are now crucial to support continued development of bottom-up tissue engineering approaches such as three-dimensional bioprinting.
发育组织工程领域的无支架技术旨在模拟胚胎发育过程，以生物制造具有更真实特性的组织。称为球体的细胞簇是无支架组织工程的基础。在本综述中，我们探讨了将成人间充质干/基质细胞来源的球体用作发育工程领域的模型，以模拟软骨和骨组织的发育阶段。来自成人间充质基质/干细胞谱系的球体重现了胚胎发生过程中骨和软骨形成的关键事件，并且能够自发地与其他球体融合，使其成为骨和软骨组织工程的理想构建模块。在此，我们讨论了我们实验室和其他实验室关于脂肪基质/干细胞球体在软骨生成和成骨过程中的应用数据。总体而言，最近的研究支持这样一种观点，即球体是通过“自下而上”方法进行组织工程的理想“构建模块”，这种方法基于诸如三维生物打印等先进技术进行组织组装。现在，对协调球体融合的细胞和分子机制进行进一步研究对于支持诸如三维生物打印等自下而上的组织工程方法的持续发展至关重要。
