Certified Reference Materials and their need for the diagnosis of autoimmune diseases.

Autoantibody measurement is the chosen tool, in addition to clinical observations, for the diagnosis of autoimmune diseases. Hence, it is essential for these measurements to be reliable and in the longer run to be standardised. Due to the intrinsic variability of analytes and reagents, and the heterogeneity of the available techniques, standardisation cannot be taken for granted, and results may vary between laboratories. As a consequence, diagnoses can be missed or wrong and unnecessary costs may burden individuals and healthcare systems. Standardisation of autoantibody testing is a demanding and multi-parameter task, but could be part of the solution. So as to achieve standardisation, the development and availability of suitable certified reference materials for calibration and/or quality control is crucial.