Purcell John R, Chen John, Moussa-Tooks Alexandra B, Hetrick William P
Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, 1101 E. 10th St., Bloomington, IN, 47408, USA.
Program in Neuroscience, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA.
Atten Percept Psychophys. 2020 Jul;82(5):2728-2737. doi: 10.3758/s13414-020-02011-4.
Perceived nose elongation resulting from vibratory stimulation to the bicep brachii tendon in the absence of visual input while the finger is touching the nose, known as the Pinocchio Illusion (PI), is used to investigate how afferent signals can contribute to aberrant top-down perception of body representation. The Pinocchio Illusion Questionnaire (PIQ) was developed to empirically quantify PI perception, allowing for external validation of the PI with psychologically relevant phenomenon. The current study (N = 60) examined the PIQ's test-retest reliability, internal consistency, factor structure, and correlations with self-reported interoceptive awareness and schizotypal traits. The PIQ demonstrated strong test-retest reliability and internal validity; however, a Principal Component Analysis did not yield a latent variable structure that distinguished PI-specific perceptual aberrations from unrelated or contradictory perceptual experiences. Additionally, decreased reports of PI-specific perceptual aberrations during two elicitations of the PI on the PIQ's open-ended free-response section (percent of sample endorsement = 5% (first elicitation); 8.3% (second elicitation)) compared to its 11-item section (endorsement of PI-specific items ranging 30-53.33% (first)]; 31.67-46.67% (second)) suggest that these responses may be heavily influenced by demand characteristics rather than accurately capturing PI perception. Therefore, further psychometric development of the PIQ and standardization of procedures to elicit the illusion are recommended.
在手指触碰鼻子且无视觉输入的情况下，对肱二头肌肌腱进行振动刺激所产生的鼻子变长的感觉，即所谓的匹诺曹错觉（PI），被用于研究传入信号如何导致对身体表征的异常自上而下的感知。匹诺曹错觉问卷（PIQ）旨在通过实证量化PI感知，从而实现对PI与心理相关现象的外部验证。本研究（N = 60）考察了PIQ的重测信度、内部一致性、因子结构，以及与自我报告的内感受性觉知和分裂型特质的相关性。PIQ表现出很强的重测信度和内部效度；然而，主成分分析并未产生一个潜在变量结构，以区分特定于PI的感知偏差与不相关或矛盾的感知体验。此外，在PIQ的开放式自由回答部分对PI进行两次诱发时，特定于PI的感知偏差报告减少（样本认可百分比 = 5%（第一次诱发）；8.3%（第二次诱发）），相比其11项部分（特定于PI项目的认可范围为30 - 53.33%（第一次）；31.67 - 46.67%（第二次）），这表明这些回答可能受需求特征的严重影响，而非准确捕捉PI感知。因此，建议对PIQ进行进一步的心理测量学开发，并规范诱发错觉的程序。
