Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100093, China.
Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, Shanxi, China.
J Agric Food Chem. 2020 Apr 1;68(13):4062-4071. doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b07604. Epub 2020 Mar 18.
Harvesting uncapped immature honey (IMH) followed by dehydration is a typical counterfeit honey production process, but the differences between IMH and capped mature honey (MH) have not been well described previously. In this study, MH and IMH from colonies during the same rapeseed flower season were compared. MH was found to have lower water content, lower acidity, and higher fructose content. High-performance liquid chromatography combined with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry-based untargeted metabolomic analysis indicated that MH had a distinct metabolite composition to IMH. Targeted metabolomic analysis on 20 major polyphenolic constituents showed higher accumulation in MH. MH had greater bacteriostatic effect and stronger free radical scavenging effect. While both the honeys mitigated cell damage caused by HO, the effective dosage of IMH was higher and its inducing effect on the antioxidant gene expression was weaker. Overall, MH was shown to be of better quality than IMH not only because of its richer polyphenolic composition but also because of its stronger biological activity.
未封盖的不成熟蜂蜜（IMH）收获后脱水是一种典型的假冒蜂蜜生产工艺，但 IMH 与封盖成熟蜂蜜（MH）之间的差异以前并未得到很好的描述。在这项研究中，比较了同一油菜花期的蜂群中的 MH 和 IMH。结果发现，MH 的水分含量更低、酸度更低、果糖含量更高。基于高效液相色谱-四极杆飞行时间质谱的非靶向代谢组学分析表明，MH 具有独特的代谢产物组成，与 IMH 不同。对 20 种主要多酚成分的靶向代谢组学分析表明，MH 中积累量更高。MH 具有更强的抑菌作用和更强的自由基清除作用。虽然两种蜂蜜都能减轻 HO 引起的细胞损伤，但 IMH 的有效剂量更高，对抗氧化基因表达的诱导作用较弱。总的来说，MH 的质量比 IMH 更好，不仅因为其富含更多的多酚成分，还因为其具有更强的生物活性。
