Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Unité de Physiologie des Exercices et Activités en Conditions Extrêmes, Département Environnements Opérationnels, 1 place Général Valérie André, 91223 Bretigny-Sur-Orge, France.
LBEPS, Univ Evry, IRBA, Université Paris Saclay, 91025 Evry, France.
Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2020 Sep;45(9):968-977. doi: 10.1139/apnm-2019-0677. Epub 2020 Mar 18.
We assessed energy compensation, appetite, and reward value of foods during a 14-day military expedition in Greenland realized by 12 male French soldiers, during which energy compensation was optimized by providing them with easy-to-eat palatable foods in excess. Although daily energy expenditure (estimated by accelerometry) stayed relatively constant throughout the expedition (15 ± 9 MJ·day), energy intake (EI; estimated by self-reported diaries) was 17% higher during the D8-D14 period compared with the D1-D7 period, leading to a neutral energy balance (EB). Body fat mass (BFM) significantly decreased (-1.0 ± 0.7 kg, < 0.001) but not body mass (BM). Neither hunger scores (assessed by visual analog scales) nor components of the reward value of food (explicit liking (EL) and food preference) were significantly altered. However, changes in EL at D10 were positively correlated with changes in BM ( 0.600, 0.05) and BFM ( 0.680, 0.05) and changes in hunger in the EI of the relevant period ( 0.743, < 0.01 for D1-D7, 0.652, 0.05 for D8-14). This study shows that the negative EB and BM loss can be attenuated by an appropriate food supply and that subjective components of eating behaviour, such as hunger and EL, may be useful to predict the magnitude of energy compensation. Energy intake increases during of a 14-day expedition in the cold. Energy compensation was likely facilitated by providing participants with easy-to-eat palatable and familiar foods. Hunger scores and EL for energy-dense foods were associated with high EIs and low BM changes.
我们评估了在 12 名法国男性士兵在格陵兰进行的为期 14 天的军事探险期间的能量补偿、食欲和食物的奖励价值，在此期间，通过提供易于食用的美味食物来优化能量补偿。尽管通过加速度计估计的每日能量消耗（EE）在整个探险期间相对保持恒定（15±9MJ·天），但与第 1-7 天相比，第 8-14 天期间的能量摄入（EI；通过自我报告的日记估算）高 17%，导致能量平衡呈中性（EB）。体脂肪量（BFM）显著下降（-1.0±0.7kg，<0.001），但体重（BM）没有下降。饥饿评分（通过视觉模拟量表评估）和食物奖励价值的组成部分（明确喜好（EL）和食物偏好）均未发生显著变化。然而，第 10 天 EL 的变化与 BM（ 0.600，0.05）和 BFM（ 0.680，0.05）的变化以及相关时期 EI 中的饥饿变化呈正相关（第 1-7 天为 0.743，<0.01，第 8-14 天为 0.652，0.05）。本研究表明，适当的食物供应可以减轻负 EB 和 BM 损失，而饥饿和 EL 等进食行为的主观成分可能有助于预测能量补偿的程度。在寒冷环境下进行 14 天探险时，能量摄入会增加。通过提供易于食用的美味和熟悉的食物，可能有助于能量补偿。对高热量食物的饥饿评分和 EL 与高 EI 和低 BM 变化相关。
