Mental Health and Wellbeing Group, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
J Appl Res Intellect Disabil. 2020 Sep;33(5):1059-1068. doi: 10.1111/jar.12728. Epub 2020 Mar 18.
Intellectual disabilities and autism are lifelong and often co-occur. Little is known on their extent of independent association with sensory impairments and physical disability.
For Scotland's population, logistic regressions investigated age-gender-adjusted odds ratios (OR) of associations, independently, of intellectual disabilities and autism with sensory impairments and physical disability.
1,548,819 children/youth, and 3,746,584 adults. In children/youth, the effect size of intellectual disabilities and autism, respectively, was as follows: blindness (OR = 30.12; OR = 2.63), deafness (OR = 13.98; OR = 2.31), and physical disability (OR = 43.72; OR = 5.62). For adults, the effect size of intellectual disabilities and autism, respectively, was as follows: blindness (OR = 16.89; OR = 3.29), deafness (OR = 7.47; OR = 2.36), and physical disability (OR = 6.04; OR = 3.16).
Intellectual disabilities have greater association with the population burden of sensory impairments/physical disability, but autism is also associated regardless of overlap with intellectual disabilities. These may impact further on communication limitations due to autism and intellectual disabilities, increasing complexity of assessments/management of other health conditions. Clinicians need to be aware of these important issues.
智力障碍和自闭症是终身的，且常常同时发生。对于它们与感官障碍和身体残疾的独立关联程度，人们知之甚少。
针对苏格兰人口，通过逻辑回归调查了智力障碍和自闭症分别与感官障碍和身体残疾之间关联的年龄性别调整比值比（OR）。
共纳入了 1548819 名儿童/青少年和 3746584 名成年人。在儿童/青少年中，智力障碍和自闭症的效应大小分别为：失明（OR=30.12；OR=2.63）、失聪（OR=13.98；OR=2.31）和身体残疾（OR=43.72；OR=5.62）。对于成年人，智力障碍和自闭症的效应大小分别为：失明（OR=16.89；OR=3.29）、失聪（OR=7.47；OR=2.36）和身体残疾（OR=6.04；OR=3.16）。
智力障碍与感官障碍/身体残疾的人群负担有更大的关联，但自闭症也与之相关，无论是否与智力障碍重叠。这可能会进一步影响自闭症和智力障碍患者的沟通受限，增加其他健康状况评估/管理的复杂性。临床医生需要意识到这些重要问题。
