马来西亚儿童约束装置问题：简要叙述性回顾。
Malaysian Child Restraint Issues: A Brief Narrative Review.
机构信息
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia.
出版信息
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Mar 16;17(6):1922. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17061922.
The child restraint legislation in Malaysia becomes mandatory from 1 January 2020. Prior to commencement of the rule, a survey showed that only 36% of Malaysian parents were aware of the importance of a child restraint system (CRS) and only 27% usage was reported during travel. The Malaysian Institute of Road Safety report showed that children transported in private vehicles were the leading groups of casualties among children aged 1 to 4 years old (43.8%) and 5 to 9 years old (30.2%), respectively. We performed a narrative review using the PubMed, ScienceDirect and Google Scholar databases using keywords such as child restraint system, unrestrained injuries, Malaysia and epidemiology. The objectives of this review were: (1) to determine the prevalence on the use of CRS in Malaysia, (2) to evaluate the injuries related to unrestrained children and (3) to show the nation's preparation towards implementation of the child restraint law. Six papers on prevalence, one paper on injury and six mainstream newspaper were included in this study. The prevalence of a CRS use was shown between 5% to 41.8%. In relation to injury, the only publication from this country showed that among 19 children involved in a car crash, five (26.3%) children had non-craniomaxillofacial (CMF) injuries, ten (52.6%) with CMF injuries only, two (10.5%) with both CMF and non-CMF injuries and two (10.5%) without any injury. Overall, the Injury Severity Score (ISS) range was between 0 to 13 (median, 1.00; interquartile range, 1). Preparation to comply with the best practice of the child restraint law is still ongoing, especially those addressing the issues related to the low-income parents in the country. Due to scarcity of publication and data on the CRS use and injuries related to its non-usage, it is advocated that parallel with the implementation legislation, vigorous forms of public education as well as good data management must be performed and monitored regularly by the road safety authority in this country.
马来西亚的儿童约束立法于 2020 年 1 月 1 日起强制实施。在该法规生效之前，一项调查显示，只有 36%的马来西亚父母意识到儿童约束系统（CRS）的重要性，并且在旅行中仅报告了 27%的使用率。马来西亚道路安全研究所的报告显示，在 1 至 4 岁（43.8%）和 5 至 9 岁（30.2%）的儿童中，乘坐私家车的儿童是伤亡的主要群体。我们使用 PubMed、ScienceDirect 和 Google Scholar 数据库，使用儿童约束系统、未受约束的伤害、马来西亚和流行病学等关键词进行了叙述性综述。本次综述的目的是：（1）确定马来西亚 CRS 使用的流行率，（2）评估与未受约束的儿童相关的伤害，（3）展示国家对儿童约束法实施的准备情况。本研究纳入了 6 篇关于流行率的论文、1 篇关于伤害的论文和 6 篇主流报纸。CRS 使用的流行率显示在 5%至 41.8%之间。关于伤害，这个国家唯一的出版物显示，在 19 名涉及车祸的儿童中，有 5 名（26.3%）儿童有非颅面（CMF）损伤，10 名（52.6%）只有 CMF 损伤，2 名（10.5%）既有 CMF 又有非 CMF 损伤，2 名（10.5%）无任何损伤。总体而言，伤害严重程度评分（ISS）范围为 0 至 13（中位数 1.00；四分位距 1）。为遵守儿童约束法的最佳实践而进行的准备工作仍在进行中，特别是针对该国低收入父母的相关问题。由于关于 CRS 使用和与其未使用相关的伤害的数据和出版物很少，因此建议在实施立法的同时，该国道路安全当局必须大力开展公众教育，并定期对其进行良好的数据管理。
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