Cadrazco Marlon, Santamaría Alexander, Jaramillo I Cristina, Kaur Kamaljeet, Kelly K E, Agudelo John R
Departamento Ingeniería Mecánica, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia.
Química de Recursos Energéticos y Medio Ambiente, Instituto de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No.52-21, Medellín, Colombia.
Combust Flame. 2020 Apr;214:65-79. doi: 10.1016/j.combustflame.2019.12.018. Epub 2020 Mar 5.
Particulate matter coming from the combustion of renewable diesel (RD), ultra-low sulfur diesel (ULSD) and a volumetric blend of 30% of RD with ULSD (RD30) were collected and physico-chemically characterized. Soot samples were generated in two flame burner types (non-premixed flame, NPF, and partially premixed flame, PPF) trying to simulate the diffusion and premix regimes found in diesel engines. The impact of both fuel nature and burner type was assessed on soot mass, particle size and morphology, particle nanostructure and surface functional groups. In general, although the results of HRTEM and SMPS suggested that the addition of RD reduced the average particle size and increased the concentration of ultra-fine particles, the mass emission of soot was drastically mitigated regardless of the burner used. The results also suggest that the changes in the chemical characteristics of the soot were slightly more sensitive than the changes in the internal nanostructure of the particles, since the graphitic character (as showed by Raman and infrared analysis) increased as the RD content increased, being stronger for the PPF system. Comparisons between engine soot and flame soot confirmed that the addition of RD into ULSD produced smaller and more carbonized particles. In fact, some engine results were located in between those obtained in PPF and NPF burners, suggesting that both combustion regimes are contributing to soot characteristics in engines. This consistency suggests that a first assessment of the impact of alternative fuels on the characteristics of particulate matter can be conducted through the basic approach offered by laboratory flames, thereby avoiding the costs associated with generating large quantities of fuel and the complexities of in-cylinder physical interactions and engine parameters.
收集了来自可再生柴油（RD）、超低硫柴油（ULSD）以及30%的RD与ULSD的体积混合物（RD30）燃烧产生的颗粒物，并对其进行了物理化学表征。在两种火焰燃烧器类型（非预混火焰，NPF，和部分预混火焰，PPF）中生成了烟灰样本，试图模拟柴油发动机中的扩散和预混工况。评估了燃料性质和燃烧器类型对烟灰质量、颗粒尺寸和形态、颗粒纳米结构以及表面官能团的影响。总体而言，尽管高分辨透射电子显微镜（HRTEM）和扫描迁移率粒径谱仪（SMPS）的结果表明，添加RD可降低平均颗粒尺寸并增加超细颗粒的浓度，但无论使用何种燃烧器，烟灰的质量排放都大幅降低。结果还表明，烟灰化学特性的变化比颗粒内部纳米结构的变化略为敏感，因为随着RD含量的增加，石墨特性（如拉曼光谱和红外分析所示）增强，在PPF系统中更为明显。发动机烟灰和火焰烟灰之间的比较证实，在ULSD中添加RD会产生更小且碳化程度更高的颗粒。事实上，一些发动机测试结果介于在PPF和NPF燃烧器中获得的结果之间，这表明两种燃烧工况都对发动机中的烟灰特性有影响。这种一致性表明，可以通过实验室火焰提供的基本方法对替代燃料对颗粒物特性的影响进行初步评估，从而避免与大量燃料生成相关的成本以及缸内物理相互作用和发动机参数的复杂性。
