Ayano Getinet, Yohannes Kalkidan, Abraha Mebratu
Research and Training Department, Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
2School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, western australia Australia.
Ann Gen Psychiatry. 2020 Mar 13;19:21. doi: 10.1186/s12991-020-00271-w. eCollection 2020.
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most common neurodevelopmental disorders in childhood and adolescence, affecting 2.2 to 17.8% of all school-aged children and adolescents. ADHD in children has been associated with a wide range of developmental deficits including limitations of learning or control of executive functions as well as global impairments of social skills. However, no review has been conducted to report the consolidated magnitude of ADHD in children and adolescents in Africa. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to estimate the prevalence of ADHD in Africa.
Following the PRISMA guideline, we systematically reviewed and meta-analyzed studies that investigated the prevalence of ADHD in Africa from three electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, and Scopus). We also looked at the reference lists of included studies to include other relevant studies. Subgroup and sensitivity analysis was carried out based on the study setting, tools used to measure ADHD, sex of participants, and the subtype of ADHD. Heterogeneity across the studies was evaluated using Cochran's - and the -test. We assessed potential publication bias using Egger's test and visual inspection of the symmetry in funnel plots.
In the present meta-analysis, 7452 articles were initially identified and evaluated. Of these, 12 studies that met the inclusion criteria were included in the final analysis. The pooled prevalence of ADHD in children and adolescents in Africa was 7.47% (95% CI 60-9.26). The prevalence of ADHD was apparently greater in boys (10.60%) than in girls (5.28%) with a male:female ratio of 2.01:1. In our subgroup analysis, the predominantly inattentive type (ADHD-I) was found to be the most common subtype of ADHD, followed by hyperactive-impulsive type (ADHD-HI) and the combined type (ADHD-C) with the prevalence of 2.95%, 2.77%, and 2.44% respectively. The predominantly inattentive type (ADHD-I) was the most common type of ADHD in both boys (4.05%) and girls (2.21%). The funnel plot and Egger's regression tests provided no evidence of substantial publication bias in the prevalence of ADHD.
Our systematic review suggested a higher prevalence of ADHD (7.47%) in children and adolescents in Africa, indicating that ADHD is a serious public health problem in children and adolescents in Africa. The prevalence of ADHD was considerably greater in males than in females. The predominantly inattentive type (ADHD-I) was the most common type of ADHD in both males and females. Greater attention needs to be paid to the prevention and treatment of ADHD.
注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）是儿童和青少年中最常见的神经发育障碍，影响着2.2%至17.8%的学龄儿童和青少年。儿童ADHD与广泛的发育缺陷有关，包括学习受限或执行功能控制障碍以及社交技能的全面受损。然而，尚未有综述报告非洲儿童和青少年中ADHD的综合患病率。因此，本系统综述和荟萃分析旨在估计非洲ADHD的患病率。
遵循PRISMA指南，我们系统地回顾并荟萃分析了从三个电子数据库（PubMed、Embase和Scopus）中调查非洲ADHD患病率的研究。我们还查看了纳入研究的参考文献列表以纳入其他相关研究。基于研究背景、用于测量ADHD的工具、参与者性别以及ADHD亚型进行亚组和敏感性分析。使用Cochran's Q检验和I²检验评估研究间的异质性。我们使用Egger检验和漏斗图对称性的视觉检查评估潜在的发表偏倚。
在本荟萃分析中，最初识别并评估了7452篇文章。其中，12项符合纳入标准的研究被纳入最终分析。非洲儿童和青少年中ADHD的合并患病率为7.47%（95%CI 6.0 - 9.26）。ADHD在男孩中的患病率（10.60%）明显高于女孩（5.28%），男女比例为2.01:1。在我们的亚组分析中，发现注意力不集中为主型（ADHD-I）是ADHD最常见的亚型，其次是多动冲动型（ADHD-HI）和混合型（ADHD-C），患病率分别为2.95%、2.77%和2.44%。注意力不集中为主型（ADHD-I）在男孩（4.05%）和女孩（2.21%）中都是最常见的ADHD类型。漏斗图和Egger回归检验未提供ADHD患病率存在实质性发表偏倚的证据。
我们的系统综述表明非洲儿童和青少年中ADHD的患病率较高（7.47%），这表明ADHD是非洲儿童和青少年中的一个严重公共卫生问题。ADHD在男性中的患病率明显高于女性。注意力不集中为主型（ADHD-I）在男性和女性中都是最常见的ADHD类型。需要更加关注ADHD的预防和治疗。
Zotero 插件
