中东和北非地区儿童、青少年和成年人注意缺陷多动障碍的患病率：系统评价和荟萃分析。

Prevalence of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in children, adolescents and adults in the Middle East and North Africa region: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

机构信息

Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan

Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan.

出版信息

BMJ Open. 2024 Jan 18;14(1):e078849. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-078849.

DOI:10.1136/bmjopen-2023-078849

PMID:38238059

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10806616/

Abstract

OBJECTIVES

To systematically estimate the overall prevalence of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children, adolescents and adults across the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region.

DESIGN

Systematic review and meta-analysis conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) statement.

DATA SOURCES

Medline and Scopus databases were comprehensively and systematically searched between 1990 and February 2023.

ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR SELECTING STUDIES

We included all cross-sectional or cohort studies that diagnosed ADHD using validated diagnostic tools (eg, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition criteria, ADHD rating scales and ADHD diagnostic interview) or non-validated tools (eg, brain imaging techniques, computerised cognitive tests and quantitative electroencephalography).

DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS

Two reviewers performed the data extraction independently using standardised data collection sheet. Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used to assess the quality of the included studies. Individualised and pooled event rate and upper and lower limit at 95% CI were calculated according to the ADHD cases and the total sample size using a random-effect model. The subgroup prevalence analyses according to ADHD subtypes, gender, MENA country and age were also performed.

RESULTS

A total of 63 articles met the inclusion criteria involving 849 902 participants. The overall prevalence of ADHD was 10.3% (95% CI 0.081 to 0.129). The prevalence rate ranged from 1.3% (Yemen) to 22.2% (Iran). Subgroup analyses showed that the prevalence in adults was 13.5 and 10.1 in children and adolescents. Males exhibited significantly higher prevalence compared with females as these were 11.1% and 7%, respectively. Attention-deficit subtype was significantly the most prevalent (46.7%) compared with hyperactivity/impulsivity (33.7%) and combined types (20.6%).

CONCLUSION

The overall prevalence of ADHD was high in the MENA region. It is crucial to allocate more attention and resources towards the prevention and treatment of ADHD in children, adolescents and adults within the region.

摘要

目的

系统评估中东和北非（MENA）地区儿童、青少年和成年人注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）的总体患病率。

设计

根据系统评价和荟萃分析的首选报告项目（PRISMA）声明进行系统回顾和荟萃分析。

数据来源

全面系统地检索了 1990 年至 2023 年 2 月期间的 Medline 和 Scopus 数据库。

入选研究的标准

我们纳入了所有使用经过验证的诊断工具（例如，《精神障碍诊断与统计手册》第五版标准、ADHD 评定量表和 ADHD 诊断访谈）或未经验证的工具（例如，脑成像技术、计算机认知测试和定量脑电图）诊断 ADHD 的横断面或队列研究。

数据提取和综合

两位审查员使用标准化的数据采集表独立进行数据提取。使用纽卡斯尔-渥太华量表评估纳入研究的质量。根据 ADHD 病例和总样本量，使用随机效应模型计算个体化和汇总事件率以及 95%CI 的上限和下限。还根据 ADHD 亚型、性别、MENA 国家和年龄进行了亚组患病率分析。

结果

共有 63 篇文章符合纳入标准，涉及 849902 名参与者。ADHD 的总体患病率为 10.3%（95%CI 0.081 至 0.129）。患病率范围从 1.3%（也门）到 22.2%（伊朗）。亚组分析显示，成年人的患病率为 13.5%，儿童和青少年为 10.1%。与女性（分别为 7%）相比，男性的患病率显著更高，为 11.1%。注意力缺陷亚型明显是最常见的（46.7%），其次是多动/冲动亚型（33.7%）和混合型（20.6%）。