University of Caen Normandy.
Department of Biostatistics and Clinical Research, Caen University Hospital.
Psychol Bull. 2020 May;146(5):377-410. doi: 10.1037/bul0000225. Epub 2020 Mar 19.
To address inconsistencies in the literature on memory in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), we report the first ever meta-analysis of short-term memory (STM) and episodic long-term memory (LTM) in ASD, evaluating the effects of type of material, type of retrieval and the role of interitem relations. Analysis of 64 studies comparing individuals with ASD and typical development (TD) showed greater difficulties in ASD compared with TD individuals in STM (Hedges' g = -0.53, 95% CI [-0.90, -0.16], = .005, I² = 96%) compared with LTM (g = -0.30, 95% CI [-0.42, -0.17], < .00001, I² = 24%), a small difficulty in verbal LTM (g = -0.21, = .01), contrasting with a medium difficulty for visual LTM (g = -0.41, = .0002) in ASD compared with TD individuals. We also found a general diminution in free recall compared with cued recall and recognition (LTM, free recall: g = -0.38, < .00001, cued recall: g = -0.08, = .58, recognition: g = -0.15, = .16; STM, free recall: g = -0.59, = .004, recognition: g = -0.33, = .07). We discuss these results in terms of their relation to semantic memory. The limited diminution in verbal LTM and preserved overall recognition and cued recall (supported retrieval) may result from a greater overlap of these tasks with semantic long-term representations which are overall preserved in ASD. By contrast, difficulties in STM or free recall may result from less overlap with the semantic system or may involve additional cognitive operations and executive demands. These findings highlight the need to support STM functioning in ASD and acknowledge the potential benefit of using verbal materials at encoding and broader forms of memory support at retrieval to enhance performance. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
为了解决自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）文献中记忆不一致的问题，我们首次对 ASD 的短期记忆（STM）和情景长期记忆（LTM）进行了荟萃分析，评估了材料类型、检索类型以及项目间关系的作用。对 64 项比较 ASD 个体和典型发育（TD）个体的研究进行分析后发现，与 TD 个体相比，ASD 个体在 STM 中存在更大的困难（Hedges'g=-0.53，95%CI[-0.90，-0.16]， =.005，I²=96%），而在 LTM 中则存在较小的困难（g=-0.30，95%CI[-0.42，-0.17]， <.00001，I²=24%），ASD 个体在言语 LTM 中存在较小的困难（g=-0.21， =.01），而在视觉 LTM 中则存在中等困难（g=-0.41， =.0002）。我们还发现，与提示回忆和识别（LTM，自由回忆：g=-0.38， <.00001，提示回忆：g=-0.08， =.58，识别：g=-0.15， =.16；STM，自由回忆：g=-0.59， =.004，识别：g=-0.33， =.07）相比，自由回忆的记忆普遍减少。在言语 LTM 中有限的减少和整体上保留的识别和提示回忆（支持检索）可能是由于这些任务与整体上在 ASD 中保留的语义长期记忆之间有更大的重叠。相比之下，STM 或自由回忆的困难可能是由于与语义系统的重叠较少，或者可能涉及额外的认知操作和执行需求。这些发现强调了在 ASD 中支持 STM 功能的必要性，并承认在编码时使用言语材料和在检索时使用更广泛的记忆支持来提高性能的潜在好处。（PsycInfo 数据库记录（c）2020 APA，保留所有权利）。
