自闭症青年成人的自我报告记忆及相关现实世界结果。
Self-reported memory of autistic young adults and associated real-world outcomes.
作者信息
Godfrey Mary, McQuaid Goldie A, Wallace Gregory L, Lee Nancy Raitano
机构信息
Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD.
George Mason University, Fairfax, VA.
出版信息
Res Autism Spectr Disord. 2023 Nov;109. doi: 10.1016/j.rasd.2023.102277. Epub 2023 Nov 1.
PURPOSE
Although autistic adults have demonstrated weaker memory performance on lab-based measures in comparison to neurotypical peers, research on self-reported memory abilities in this group is scarce. Shedding light on memory abilities of autistic adults is important, as memory difficulties may impact daily living outcomes, an area of difficulty for autistic individuals. Thus, the current study aimed to characterize the self-reported memory complaints of a large sample of autistic adults in comparison to neurotypical adults.
METHODS
396 young autistic adults and 396 young neurotypical adults between the ages of 18 and 39 years and with similar background characteristics participated. Autistic adults were recruited from the Simons Powering Autism Research (SPARK) participant registry, and data from neurotypical adults were obtained from a large-scale internet study. The responses to the Prospective and Retrospective Memory Questionnaire were compared by diagnostic group, and within the autistic group, relations between memory complaints and real-world outcomes (activities of daily living [ADLs] and postsecondary employment and educational activities) were examined.
RESULTS
The results indicated that young autistic adults reported greater memory problems than their neurotypical peers, regardless of memory type, and autistic adults reported a comparable pattern of complaints to their neurotypical peers (i.e., greater prospective memory complaints in comparison to retrospective memory complaints). Additionally, we found a negative association between memory complaints and outcomes (i.e., greater memory complaints were associated with less independence in ADLs and less favorable postsecondary outcomes).
CONCLUSION
The significant association between subjective memory complaints and real-world outcomes suggests that memory abilities are an important contributor to daily living skills and post-secondary outcomes among autistic adults and could represent a target for future intervention development.
目的
尽管与神经典型同龄人相比，自闭症成年人在基于实验室的测量中表现出较弱的记忆能力，但关于该群体自我报告的记忆能力的研究却很稀少。了解自闭症成年人的记忆能力很重要，因为记忆困难可能会影响日常生活结果，而这是自闭症患者的一个困难领域。因此，本研究旨在描述一大群自闭症成年人与神经典型成年人相比自我报告的记忆问题。
方法
396名年龄在18至39岁之间、背景特征相似的年轻自闭症成年人和396名年轻神经典型成年人参与了研究。自闭症成年人从西蒙斯助力自闭症研究（SPARK）参与者登记处招募，神经典型成年人的数据来自一项大规模互联网研究。按诊断组比较前瞻性和回顾性记忆问卷的回答，并在自闭症组内，研究记忆问题与现实世界结果（日常生活活动[ADL]以及中学后就业和教育活动）之间的关系。
结果
结果表明，无论记忆类型如何，年轻自闭症成年人报告的记忆问题比他们的神经典型同龄人更多，并且自闭症成年人报告的问题模式与他们的神经典型同龄人相当（即，与回顾性记忆问题相比，前瞻性记忆问题更多）。此外，我们发现记忆问题与结果之间存在负相关（即，记忆问题越多，ADL中的独立性越低，中学后结果越不理想）。
结论
主观记忆问题与现实世界结果之间的显著关联表明，记忆能力是自闭症成年人日常生活技能和中学后结果的重要贡献因素，并且可能代表未来干预发展的一个目标。
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