Ptushenko Oxana S, Ptushenko Vasily V, Solovchenko Alexei E
Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia.
A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia.
Life (Basel). 2020 Mar 17;10(3):25. doi: 10.3390/life10030025.
The significance of the spectral composition of light for growth and other physiological functions of plants moved to the focus of "plant science" soon after the discovery of photosynthesis, if not earlier. The research in this field recently intensified due to the explosive development of computer-controlled systems for artificial illumination and documenting photosynthetic activity. The progress is also substantiated by recent insights into the molecular mechanisms of photo-regulation of assorted physiological functions in plants mediated by photoreceptors and other pigment systems. The spectral balance of solar radiation can vary significantly, affecting the functioning and development of plants. Its effects are evident on the macroscale (e.g., in individual plants growing under the forest canopy) as well as on the meso- or microscale (e.g., mutual shading of leaf cell layers and chloroplasts). The diversity of the observable effects of light spectrum variation arises through (i) the triggering of different photoreceptors, (ii) the non-uniform efficiency of spectral components in driving photosynthesis, and (iii) a variable depth of penetration of spectral components into the leaf. We depict the effects of these factors using the spectral dependence of chloroplast photorelocation movements interlinked with the changes in light penetration into (light capture by) the leaf and the photosynthetic capacity. In this review, we unfold the history of the research on the photocontrol effects and put it in the broader context of photosynthesis efficiency and photoprotection under stress caused by a high intensity of light.
光合作用发现后不久（即便不是更早），光的光谱组成对植物生长及其他生理功能的重要性就成为了“植物科学”的焦点。由于用于人工照明和记录光合活性的计算机控制系统的迅猛发展，该领域的研究最近得到了加强。植物中由光感受器和其他色素系统介导的各种生理功能的光调节分子机制的最新见解也证实了这一进展。太阳辐射的光谱平衡会有显著变化，影响植物的功能和发育。其影响在宏观尺度（例如，生长在树冠下的单株植物）以及中观或微观尺度（例如，叶细胞层和叶绿体的相互遮荫）上都很明显。光谱变化的可观察效应的多样性源于：（i）不同光感受器的触发；（ii）光谱成分驱动光合作用的效率不一致；（iii）光谱成分穿透叶片的深度不同。我们利用与光穿透（光捕获）叶片及光合能力变化相关的叶绿体光定位运动的光谱依赖性来描述这些因素的影响。在这篇综述中，我们阐述了光控效应的研究历史，并将其置于光合作用效率和高光强胁迫下光保护的更广泛背景中。
