Institut Européen des Membranes, Université de Montpellier, Place Eugène Bataillon, Montpellier, France.
Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, Université de Montpellier, Place Eugène Bataillon, Montpellier, France.
J Hazard Mater. 2017 Sep 15;338:381-393. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2017.05.045. Epub 2017 May 30.
Considerable interest has been given to using nanofiltration (NF) in lieu of reverse osmosis for water reclamation schemes due to lower energy consumption, higher flux rates while ensuring good micropollutants rejection. The application NF results in the generation of a large concentrated waste stream. Treatment of the concentrate is a major hurdle for the implementation of membrane technologies since the concentrate is usually unusable due to a large pollutants content. This work focuses on the application of ozonation as pretreatment of urban NF concentrates, the generation of transformation products and their relative toxicity. Three pharmaceutical micropollutants largely encountered in water cycle were selected as target molecules: acetaminophen, carbamazepine and atenolol. Through accurate-mass Q-TOF LC-MS/MS analyses, more than twenty ozonation products were detected, structure proposals and formation pathways were elaborated. Attempts were made to understand the correlation between the transformation products and acute toxicity on Vibrio fischeri strain. It is the first time that an integrated study reported on the ozonation of pharmaceuticals in urban membrane concentrates, in terms of transformation products, kinetics, degradation mechanisms, as well as toxicity assessment.
由于能耗低、通量高，同时确保了良好的微污染物去除率，纳滤（NF）在水回收方案中替代反渗透已引起了相当大的关注。NF 的应用会产生大量浓缩的废水。浓缩物的处理是膜技术实施的主要障碍，因为由于污染物含量高，浓缩物通常无法使用。这项工作专注于臭氧氧化作为城市 NF 浓缩物预处理的应用，以及转化产物的生成及其相对毒性。选择三种在水循环中大量遇到的药物微污染物作为目标分子：对乙酰氨基酚、卡马西平和阿替洛尔。通过精确质量 Q-TOF LC-MS/MS 分析，检测到二十多种臭氧氧化产物，提出了结构建议和形成途径。尝试了解转化产物与发光菌急性毒性之间的相关性。这是首次在城市膜浓缩物中对药物进行臭氧氧化的综合研究，涉及转化产物、动力学、降解机制以及毒性评估。
