Bruxelmane Justine, Shin Jonathan, Olyff Giulia, Bazan Ariane
Faculté des Sciences Psychologique et de l'Education, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium.
Faculté des Sciences Psychologique et de l'Education, Centre de Recherche en Psychologie Clinique, Psychopathologie et Psychosomatique, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium.
Front Psychol. 2020 Mar 3;11:145. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00145. eCollection 2020.
Freud was the first to invite his patients to lie down on a couch, facilitating the closing of the eyes. If the mere fact of closing the eyes favors access to unconscious materials, it should also favor primary process mentation. Primary process is an associative mode of thought based on superficial similarities including phonology, while secondary process mentation in language is primarily concerned with meaning. Fifty-two participants were given French Word Lists with phonological choices (P) corresponding to primary processes, while semantic choices (S) represent secondary processes when they are in mutual competition (PS). For example, participants were given a first word, such as, e.g. (to hold), and then had to choose between (P; lake) and (S; fix), which alternative was most similar to the first word, . Two control lists, SN and PN, where the other choice is unrelated (N for nothing), verify that the subjects are equally capable of recognizing the phonological and semantics similarity. Results show an (near 10% increase in P choices in PS when participants close their eyes, while results on PN and SN were unchanged. The mere fact of closing the eyes induces a modest increase in primary process mentation. Based on the literature, the eyes closed (EC) condition is linked to increased alpha synchronization, which is thought to induce an inward mental shift. This research contributes to validating the psychoanalytic technique consisting on inviting patients to lie down on a couch and invite them to close their eyes.
弗洛伊德是第一个邀请他的病人躺在长沙发上并闭上眼睛的人。如果仅仅闭上眼睛这一事实有助于获取无意识材料，那么它也应该有助于初级过程思维。初级过程是一种基于包括语音学在内的表面相似性的联想思维模式，而语言中的次级过程思维主要关注意义。52名参与者被给予了带有语音选择（P）的法语单词列表，这些选择对应于初级过程，而语义选择（S）在相互竞争时（PS）代表次级过程。例如，参与者会得到第一个单词，比如（握住），然后必须在（P；湖）和（S；固定）之间做出选择，哪一个选项与第一个单词最相似。两个控制列表，SN和PN，其中另一个选择是不相关的（N表示无关联），用于验证受试者同样能够识别语音和语义相似性。结果显示，当参与者闭上眼睛时，PS中P选择增加了近10%，而PN和SN的结果没有变化。仅仅闭上眼睛这一事实会导致初级过程思维有适度增加。根据文献，闭眼（EC）状态与增加的阿尔法同步有关，这被认为会引起向内的心理转变。这项研究有助于验证精神分析技术，即邀请病人躺在沙发上并闭上眼睛。
