School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
Compass Health Group, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia.
Early Interv Psychiatry. 2021 Apr;15(2):296-305. doi: 10.1111/eip.12940. Epub 2020 Mar 20.
The current study sought to determine what factors inhibited psychologists, naturopaths and fitness instructors from detecting an eating disorder (ED), and the discipline differences across these factors.
Participants of the online study were 115 health practitioners who consisted of 35 psychologists, 50 naturopathic and 30 fitness practitioners. A vignette describing a female experiencing a sub-threshold bulimic variant without purging was presented alongside ED mental health literacy items such as assessing one's ability to detect a problem. Additional items examined factors that may inhibit detection, including practitioners' level of: thin-ideal internalization, orthorexia, health or fitness mindset (a newly developed scale measuring health and fitness obsessiveness) and gender role identity.
A significant number of naturopaths and fitness instructors (20% and 33.3%, respectively) were found to have elevated orthorexia scores. Similarly, psychologists had the greatest tendency to internalize the thin-ideal (M = 3.60), which was comparable to levels seen in recent research for 20- to 21-year-old females with EDs. The two largest factors inhibiting ED detection were the strength of a health mindset and gender role identity. Practitioners who had higher health mindset scores or who associated with gender identities higher in masculinity traits (ie, either androgynous or masculine gender roles) were more likely to miss detecting an ED.
While many present ED studies focus upon assessing and changing client cognitions, this study emphasizes the need for further research regarding training interventions to address practitioner cognitions and gender role biases, which may in turn improve ED detection.
本研究旨在确定哪些因素阻碍了心理学家、自然疗法师和健身教练发现饮食障碍（ED），以及这些因素在不同学科中的差异。
本在线研究的参与者为 115 名健康从业者，包括 35 名心理学家、50 名自然疗法师和 30 名健身从业者。描述一名女性经历阈下暴食障碍变体但未出现呕吐的案例与 ED 心理健康素养项目一起呈现，例如评估一个人发现问题的能力。其他项目检查了可能阻碍检测的因素，包括从业者的：瘦理想内化、饮食失调、健康或健身心态（一种新开发的衡量健康和健身痴迷程度的量表）和性别角色认同。
发现相当数量的自然疗法师和健身教练（分别为 20%和 33.3%）的饮食失调得分较高。同样，心理学家最倾向于内化瘦理想（M=3.60），这与最近针对有 ED 的 20-21 岁女性的研究中观察到的水平相当。阻碍 ED 检测的两个最大因素是健康心态的强度和性别角色认同。健康心态得分较高或与更具男性气质特征的性别认同相关的从业者（即，双性化或男性性别角色）更有可能错过检测 ED。
虽然许多现有的 ED 研究侧重于评估和改变客户的认知，但本研究强调需要进一步研究培训干预措施，以解决从业者的认知和性别角色偏见，这可能反过来提高 ED 的检测率。
