Federal University of Uberlandia, Av. Amazonas, 1996 - Jardim Umuarama, Uberlandia, MG, 38405-302, Brazil.
UT Southwestern Medical Center, Neuroradiology Division, 5200 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX, 75235, USA.
Clin Radiol. 2020 Oct;75(10):730-739. doi: 10.1016/j.crad.2020.02.006. Epub 2020 Mar 18.
Vessel wall imaging (VWI) is being increasingly used as a non-invasive diagnostic method to evaluate the intra- and extracranial vascular bed. Whereas conventional vascular imaging primarily assesses the vessel lumen, VWI changes the focus of analysis toward the vessel wall. As the technical challenges of high spatial resolution, signal-to-noise ratio, and contrast-to-noise ratio and long scans times are addressed, interest in the clinical applications of this technique has steadily increased over the years. In this review, the authors will discuss the various applications of VWI as well as principles of interpretation and common imaging findings, focusing on intracranial atherosclerosis, vascular dissection, vasculitides (such as primary angiitis of the central nervous system (PACNS) and neurosarcoidosis), vasculopathies (such as reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS), cocaine-induced vasculopathy, moyamoya disease, and radiation-induced arteriopathy), aneurysms, and post-thrombectomy changes. The authors will also discuss the potential pitfalls of VWI and helpful cues to avoid being tricked.
血管壁成像（VWI）作为一种非侵入性诊断方法，正越来越多地用于评估颅内和颅外血管床。虽然传统的血管成像主要评估血管管腔，但 VWI 将分析焦点从管腔转移到了血管壁上。随着高空间分辨率、信噪比和对比噪声比以及长时间扫描等技术挑战得到解决，该技术的临床应用兴趣近年来稳步增加。在这篇综述中，作者将讨论 VWI 的各种应用以及解释原则和常见的成像发现，重点是颅内动脉粥样硬化、血管夹层、血管炎（如原发性中枢神经系统血管炎 (PACNS) 和神经结节病）、血管病（如可逆性脑血管收缩综合征 (RCVS)、可卡因诱导的血管病、烟雾病和放射性动脉病）、动脉瘤和血栓切除术后改变。作者还将讨论 VWI 的潜在陷阱和避免被误导的有用线索。
