Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, China.
The George Institute for Global Health, School of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Australia.
J Sci Med Sport. 2020 Sep;23(9):800-806. doi: 10.1016/j.jsams.2020.02.016. Epub 2020 Mar 5.
To assess the association between comprehensive physical fitness and high blood pressure (HBP) among Chinese children and adolescents.
National cross-sectional surveys.
214,301 school students' data aged 7-18years was extracted in 2014. Six components of physical fitness (forced vital capacity, standing long jump, sit-and-reach, body muscle strength, 50m dash and endurance running) were measured, standardized and aggregated as a summary physical fitness indicator (PFI). HBP, systolic HBP (SHBP) and diastolic HBP (DHBP) were defined according to sex-, age- and height-specific references in China.
The prevalence of HBP, SHBP and DHBP was 8.6%, 4.7% and 5.7%, respectively, and PFI was -0.9 in Chinese children and adolescents. A significant negative association between the PFI and HBP was observed with adjusted prevalence of HBP (10.8% (95% CI: 10.4-11.2) to 7.6% (95% CI: 7.3-8.0), P<0.001), SHBP (5.7% (95% CI: 5.4-6.1) to 4.4% (95% CI: 4.1-4.6), P<0.001), and DHBP (7.6% (95% CI: 7.2-7.9) to 4.6% (95% CI: 4.3-4.9), P<0.001) and their ORs (HBP: 0.87(95% CI: 0.82-0.93) to 0.68(95% CI: 0.64-0.73), P<0.001; SHBP: 0.86(95% CI: 0.79-0.94) to 0.75(95% CI:0.69-0.82), P<0.001; DHBP: 0.85(95% CI: 0.79-0.92) to 0.59(95% CI: 0.54-0.64), P<0.001) declined with the increase in PFI. Stratified nutritional status exhibited a similar negative association between PFI and HBP, SHBP and DHBP in children with normal weight, overnutrition, and undernutrition. Stand long jump, body muscle strength, 50m dash, and endurance running, had a negative association with HBP, SHBP and DHBP, but forced vital capacity had a positive such association. Sit-and-reach and HBP are not significantly associated.
Physical fitness was negatively correlated to the increased HBP in children and adolescents. Comprehensive policies and measures to enhance children and adolescents' physical fitness are urgently needed through the promotion of physical activity, healthy dietary patterns, and strategies of educational guidelines to reduce schoolwork, which will in turn reduce the cardiovascular burdens in the future.
评估中国儿童和青少年综合体能与高血压（HBP）之间的关系。
全国横断面调查。
2014 年提取了 7-18 岁 214301 名学生的数据。测量了体能的六个组成部分（用力肺活量、立定跳远、坐立伸展、肌肉力量、50 米短跑和耐力跑），并进行了标准化和汇总，作为综合体能指标（PFI）。根据中国的性别、年龄和身高特定参考标准，定义了 HBP、收缩压 HBP（SHBP）和舒张压 HBP（DHBP）。
中国儿童和青少年的 HBP、SHBP 和 DHBP 患病率分别为 8.6%、4.7%和 5.7%，PFI 为-0.9。调整后的 HBP 患病率（10.8%（95%CI：10.4-11.2）至 7.6%（95%CI：7.3-8.0），P<0.001）、SHBP（5.7%（95%CI：5.4-6.1）至 4.4%（95%CI：4.1-4.6），P<0.001）和 DHBP（7.6%（95%CI：7.2-7.9）至 4.6%（95%CI：4.3-4.9），P<0.001）与 PFI 呈显著负相关，且其比值比（HBP：0.87（95%CI：0.82-0.93）至 0.68（95%CI：0.64-0.73），P<0.001；SHBP：0.86（95%CI：0.79-0.94）至 0.75（95%CI：0.69-0.82），P<0.001；DHBP：0.85（95%CI：0.79-0.92）至 0.59（95%CI：0.54-0.64），P<0.001）随着 PFI 的增加而下降。在体重正常、超重和营养不良的儿童中，营养状况的分层表现出与 PFI 和 HBP、SHBP 和 DHBP 之间相似的负相关关系。立定跳远、肌肉力量、50 米短跑和耐力跑与 HBP、SHBP 和 DHBP 呈负相关，而用力肺活量与 HBP 呈正相关。坐立伸展与 HBP 无显著相关性。
体能与儿童和青少年的 HBP 呈负相关。迫切需要通过促进身体活动、健康饮食模式和教育指导方针的策略，制定全面的政策和措施来增强儿童和青少年的体能，以减少未来的心血管负担。
