Environmental concerns and switching toward electric vehicles: geographic and institutional perspectives.

Smog pollution deteriorates environmental quality and has severe health risks. This affects the daily lives of people in China, particularly in urban areas. Along with other factors, a large portion for smog comes from transportations, making it dense and more hazardous in urban areas. The Chinese government aims to reduce air pollution by promoting electric vehicles and green modes for mobility along with other environmental protection measures. The study explores the switching intentions of people from motorized vehicles to electric vehicles by integrating push-pull-mooring model and institutional theory. The study incorporates environmental quality, regulative environment, alternative attractiveness, normative environment, self-(decision)efficacy, and willingness to pay into an integrated framework. The study further analyzes the green behavior of consumers by extending switching intentions for electric vehicles. The integrated framework explains mooring as the most influential factor followed by normative environment from pull factors and environmental quality from push factors. The effect of regulative environment remains weak and significant, but the effect of alternative attractiveness remains weak and insignificant. The switching intentions strongly and significantly explain green behavior. Furthermore, mooring moderates the relationship between push factors, some of the pull factors, and switching intentions.