World Health Organisation, WHO Health Emergency Program, Geneva, Switzerland.
World Health Organisation, WHO Health Emergency Program, Geneva, Switzerland.
Lancet. 2020 Mar 28;395(10229):1047-1053. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30553-5. Epub 2020 Mar 18.
Public health measures to prevent, detect, and respond to events are essential to control public health risks, including infectious disease outbreaks, as highlighted in the International Health Regulations (IHR). In light of the outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19), we aimed to review existing health security capacities against public health risks and events.
We used 18 indicators from the IHR State Party Annual Reporting (SPAR) tool and associated data from national SPAR reports to develop five indices: (1) prevent, (2) detect, (3) respond, (4) enabling function, and (5) operational readiness. We used SPAR 2018 data for all of the indicators and categorised countries into five levels across the indices, in which level 1 indicated the lowest level of national capacity and level 5 the highest. We also analysed data at the regional level (using the six geographical WHO regions).
Of 182 countries, 52 (28%) had prevent capacities at levels 1 or 2, and 60 (33%) had response capacities at levels 1 or 2. 81 (45%) countries had prevent capacities and 78 (43%) had response capacities at levels 4 or 5, indicating that these countries were operationally ready. 138 (76%) countries scored more highly in the detect index than in the other indices. 44 (24%) countries did not have an effective enabling function for public health risks and events, including infectious disease outbreaks (7 [4%] at level 1 and 37 [20%] at level 2). 102 (56%) countries had level 4 or level 5 enabling function capacities in place. 32 (18%) countries had low readiness (2 [1%] at level 1 and 30 [17%] at level 2), and 104 (57%) countries were operationally ready to prevent, detect, and control an outbreak of a novel infectious disease (66 [36%] at level 4 and 38 [21%] at level 5).
Countries vary widely in terms of their capacity to prevent, detect, and respond to outbreaks. Half of all countries analysed have strong operational readiness capacities in place, which suggests that an effective response to potential health emergencies could be enabled, including to COVID-19. Findings from local risk assessments are needed to fully understand national readiness capacities in relation to COVID-19. Capacity building and collaboration between countries are needed to strengthen global readiness for outbreak control.
None.
公共卫生措施对于预防、检测和应对事件至关重要，这些措施是控制公共卫生风险的关键，包括传染病的爆发，正如《国际卫生条例（IHR）》所强调的那样。鉴于 2019 年新型冠状病毒病（COVID-19）的爆发，我们旨在审查现有的卫生安全能力，以应对公共卫生风险和事件。
我们使用了 18 项《国际卫生条例（IHR）》缔约国年度报告（SPAR）工具中的指标以及国家 SPAR 报告中的相关数据，制定了五个指数：（1）预防、（2）检测、（3）应对、（4）赋权功能和（5）运营准备就绪。我们使用了 2018 年的 SPAR 数据来计算所有指标，并将各国分为五个指数等级，其中 1 级表示国家能力最低，5 级表示国家能力最高。我们还按区域（使用世卫组织的六个地理区域）对数据进行了分析。
在 182 个国家中，有 52 个（28%）的预防能力处于 1 级或 2 级，有 60 个（33%）的应对能力处于 1 级或 2 级。有 81 个（45%）的国家的预防能力和 78 个（43%）的应对能力处于 4 级或 5 级，表明这些国家已经具备了运作能力。有 138 个（76%）的国家在检测指数上的得分高于其他指数。有 44 个（24%）的国家在公共卫生风险和事件方面没有有效的赋权功能，包括传染病的爆发（1 级有 7 个国家[4%]，2 级有 37 个国家[20%]）。有 102 个（56%）的国家已经具备了 4 级或 5 级的赋权功能。有 32 个（18%）的国家准备程度较低（1 级有 2 个国家[1%]，2 级有 30 个国家[17%]），有 104 个（57%）的国家已经具备了预防、检测和控制新型传染病爆发的运作能力（4 级有 66 个国家[36%]，5 级有 38 个国家[21%]）。
各国在预防、检测和应对疫情方面的能力差异很大。分析的一半国家都具备了较强的运作能力，这表明能够有效应对潜在的卫生紧急情况，包括 COVID-19。需要进行地方风险评估，以全面了解各国在 COVID-19 方面的准备能力。需要在国家之间开展能力建设和合作，以加强全球对疫情控制的准备。
无。
