da Silva Joana Gomes, Silva Carla Sofia, Alexandre Bárbara, Morgado Pedro
Centro de Saúde Mirandela II, Unidade Local de Saúde do Nordeste, Mirandela, Portugal.
Alumni Department of Mathematics, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.
Port J Public Health. 2020 Dec 14;38(2):1-11. doi: 10.1159/000511216.
COVID-19 is a respiratory disease transmitted through respiratory droplets and has a high transmission rate. There is still no effective and approved antiretroviral treatment or vaccine, so preventative measures remain the key to contain this pandemic. Portugal is now in phase 3.2 of the mitigation of COVID-19, with it being imperative to understand the health literacy of our country and prevent a lack of information through community empowerment.
A cross-sectional study with a sample from a primary care facility was conducted. We collected demographic and epidemiological data and carried out a questionnaire by phone call. Descriptive statistics and nonparametric tests were used to assess associations between the independent variables and the level of health literacy. The level of significance was set at < 0.05.
Our sample included 222 subjects (median age 62 years), mostly females ( = 131), undergraduates ( = 193), and with at least 1 risk factor for COVID-19 ( = 144). Overall, younger individuals, females, graduates and the nonrisk group appeared to have higher levels of health literacy, with some exceptions.
We observed a well-informed population. However, it being a pandemic situation, our intention was to identify and correct outliers/misconceptions. This work allowed a perspective of the current state/pattern of health literacy as well as its possible predictors. Furthermore, it raised awareness of the relevance of specific communication approaches. Further studies to understand the predictors of health literacy are necessary.
新型冠状病毒肺炎（COVID-19）是一种通过呼吸道飞沫传播的呼吸道疾病，传播率很高。目前仍没有有效的、经批准的抗逆转录病毒治疗方法或疫苗，因此预防措施仍然是控制这一疫情的关键。葡萄牙目前处于缓解COVID-19的3.2阶段，了解我国的健康素养并通过社区赋权防止信息缺乏至关重要。
对一家基层医疗设施的样本进行了横断面研究。我们收集了人口统计学和流行病学数据，并通过电话进行了问卷调查。使用描述性统计和非参数检验来评估自变量与健康素养水平之间的关联。显著性水平设定为<0.05。
我们的样本包括222名受试者（中位年龄62岁），大多数为女性（=131），本科生（=193），并且至少有1个COVID-19风险因素（=144）。总体而言，较年轻的个体、女性、毕业生和无风险组似乎具有较高的健康素养水平，但也有一些例外。
我们观察到民众了解情况良好。然而，鉴于这是一个疫情形势，我们的目的是识别并纠正异常值/误解。这项工作让我们了解了当前健康素养的状态/模式及其可能的预测因素。此外，它提高了对特定沟通方式相关性的认识。有必要进行进一步的研究以了解健康素养的预测因素。
