Duarte Danielle A, Chen-Sankey Julia Cen, Dang Kathleen, Orozco Leah, Jewett Bambi, Choi Kelvin
Division of Intramural Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, 135 Dauer Dr, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
J Subst Abuse Treat. 2020 May;112:36-41. doi: 10.1016/j.jsat.2020.01.013. Epub 2020 Jan 24.
Smoking remains more prevalent among non-college educated and racial/ethnic minority young adults in the U.S. These smokers are less likely than their college educated/non-Hispanic white counterparts to use cessation treatments approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Alternative cessation methods (e.g., e-cigarettes) have also grown in popularity among smokers. Therefore, we conducted a focus group study to explore perceptions and beliefs about various cessation treatments among, racially/ethnically diverse, non-college educated young adult smokers. Seventy-five 18-29-year-old current smokers without a 4-year college education were recruited from the U.S. Washington, D.C. metropolitan area and attended one of twelve focus groups to discuss their awareness, beliefs, experiences, and intention for future use of cessation treatments. Focus groups were stratified by race/ethnicity (non-Hispanic white, non-Hispanic black, and Hispanic) and educational attainment (≤ high school vs. some college without obtaining a bachelor's degree). We used a thematic approach to analyze the discussions. We found that few participants were aware of cessation counseling or cessation related programs. Many participants reported previously using nicotine replacement therapies and e-cigarettes to quit smoking. Participants had little intention to use prescription medications due to perceived side effects. Participants' awareness, beliefs, and intentions of using other cessation treatments varied by race/ethnicity and educational attainment. In conclusion, our findings, if confirmed by subsequent quantitative studies, suggest that targeted media campaigns may be needed to explain the contents and benefits of behavioral cessation programs to non-college educated young adult smokers. Targeted media messages aim to overcome negative perceptions related to nicotine replacement therapy and prescription medications among non-college educated young adult smokers, especially those from racial/ethnic minority populations, may promote successful smoking cessation in this population.
在美国，吸烟在未受过大学教育的年轻人以及少数族裔年轻人中更为普遍。与受过大学教育的非西班牙裔白人同龄人相比，这些吸烟者使用美国食品药品监督管理局（FDA）批准的戒烟治疗方法的可能性较小。替代戒烟方法（如电子烟）在吸烟者中也越来越受欢迎。因此，我们进行了一项焦点小组研究，以探讨不同种族/族裔、未受过大学教育的年轻成年吸烟者对各种戒烟治疗方法的看法和信念。从美国华盛顿特区大都市区招募了75名年龄在18至29岁之间、未受过四年大学教育的现吸烟者，他们参加了12个焦点小组中的一个，讨论他们对戒烟治疗方法的认识、信念、经历以及未来使用的意愿。焦点小组按种族/族裔（非西班牙裔白人、非西班牙裔黑人、西班牙裔）和教育程度（高中及以下学历与部分大学学历但未获得学士学位）进行分层。我们采用主题分析法对讨论内容进行分析。我们发现，很少有参与者了解戒烟咨询或与戒烟相关的项目。许多参与者报告说以前使用过尼古丁替代疗法和电子烟来戒烟。由于担心副作用，参与者几乎没有使用处方药的意愿。参与者对其他戒烟治疗方法的认识、信念和使用意愿因种族/族裔和教育程度而异。总之，我们的研究结果（如果随后的定量研究得到证实）表明，可能需要开展有针对性的媒体宣传活动，向未受过大学教育的年轻成年吸烟者解释行为戒烟项目的内容和益处。有针对性的媒体信息旨在克服未受过大学教育的年轻成年吸烟者，尤其是少数族裔群体中与尼古丁替代疗法和处方药相关的负面看法，这可能会促进该群体成功戒烟。
