Dunlap and Associates, Inc., Stamford, CT, USA.
East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA.
J Safety Res. 2020 Feb;72:165-171. doi: 10.1016/j.jsr.2019.12.001. Epub 2019 Dec 31.
New technologies are being implemented in motor vehicles. One key technology is the electronic navigation system (ENS) that assists the driver in wayfinding, or actually guides the vehicle in higher level automation vehicles. It is unclear how older adults interact with ENSs and the best approach to train older adults to use the devices. The objectives of this study were to explore how older drivers interacted with an ENS while driving on live roadways and how various training approaches impacted older drivers' ability to accurately enter destinations into the ENS.
In Experiment 1, 80 older drivers navigated unfamiliar routes using an ENS or paper directions and completed a series of ENS destination entry tasks. In Experiment 2, 60 older drivers completed one of three training conditions (ENS video only, ENS video with hands-on training, placebo) to examine the impacts of training on destination entry performance.
Driving performance was aided by the use of the ENS, but many older drivers had difficulty entering destinations into the device (Experiment 1). The combined video with hands-on ENS training resulted in the best overall destination entry performance (Experiment 2). Practical applications: The results suggest older drivers may experience problems entering destinations into ENSs, but training can improve performance. These performance issues may be especially important as more vehicle features require interaction with computer systems to select destinations or other automation related features. Further research is needed to determine how to prepare the next generation of older drivers who will interact with technologies aimed at increasing mobility.
汽车行业正在应用新技术，其中一项关键技术是电子导航系统（ENS），该系统可帮助驾驶员进行导航，或者在具备更高自动化水平的车辆中为驾驶员提供引导。目前尚不清楚老年人如何与 ENS 交互，以及哪种培训方法最适合培训老年人使用这些设备。本研究旨在探讨老年人在驾驶时如何与 ENS 交互，以及各种培训方法如何影响老年人准确将目的地输入 ENS 的能力。
在实验 1 中，80 名老年驾驶员使用 ENS 或纸质路线图导航不熟悉的路线，并完成一系列 ENS 目的地输入任务。在实验 2 中，60 名老年驾驶员完成三种培训条件之一（仅 ENS 视频、ENS 视频加实操培训、安慰剂），以研究培训对目的地输入性能的影响。
使用 ENS 有助于提高驾驶表现，但许多老年驾驶员难以将目的地输入设备中（实验 1）。ENS 视频加实操培训的综合效果最佳（实验 2）。
结果表明，老年人在输入 ENS 目的地时可能会遇到问题，但培训可以提高性能。随着越来越多的车辆功能需要与计算机系统交互以选择目的地或其他与自动化相关的功能，这些性能问题可能会变得尤为重要。需要进一步研究如何为即将与旨在提高机动性的技术交互的新一代老年驾驶员做好准备。
