Lindermayr Christian, Rudolf Eva Esther, Durner Jörg, Groth Martin
Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764 München/Neuherberg, Germany.
Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764 München/Neuherberg, Germany.
Mol Metab. 2020 Aug;38:100951. doi: 10.1016/j.molmet.2020.01.015. Epub 2020 Feb 12.
One of the fascinating aspects of epigenetic regulation is that it provides means to rapidly adapt to environmental change. This is particularly relevant in the plant kingdom, where most species are sessile and exposed to increasing habitat fluctuations due to global warming. Although the inheritance of epigenetically controlled traits acquired through environmental impact is a matter of debate, it is well documented that environmental cues lead to epigenetic changes, including chromatin modifications, that affect cell differentiation or are associated with plant acclimation and defense priming. Still, in most cases, the mechanisms involved are poorly understood. An emerging topic that promises to reveal new insights is the interaction between epigenetics and metabolism.
This study reviews the links between metabolism and chromatin modification, in particular histone acetylation, histone methylation, and DNA methylation, in plants and compares them to examples from the mammalian field, where the relationship to human diseases has already generated a larger body of literature. This study particularly focuses on the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) in modulating metabolic pathways and gene activities that are involved in these chromatin modifications. As ROS and NO are hallmarks of stress responses, we predict that they are also pivotal in mediating chromatin dynamics during environmental responses.
Due to conservation of chromatin-modifying mechanisms, mammals and plants share a common dependence on metabolic intermediates that serve as cofactors for chromatin modifications. In addition, plant-specific non-CG methylation pathways are particularly sensitive to changes in folate-mediated one-carbon metabolism. Finally, reactive oxygen and nitrogen species may fine-tune epigenetic processes and include similar signaling mechanisms involved in environmental stress responses in plants as well as animals.
表观遗传调控的一个迷人之处在于它提供了快速适应环境变化的方式。这在植物界尤为重要，因为大多数植物物种固着生长，且由于全球变暖面临着日益增加的栖息地波动。尽管通过环境影响获得的表观遗传控制性状的遗传存在争议，但有充分证据表明环境线索会导致表观遗传变化，包括染色质修饰，这些变化会影响细胞分化或与植物驯化和防御准备相关。然而，在大多数情况下，其中涉及的机制仍知之甚少。一个有望揭示新见解的新兴主题是表观遗传学与新陈代谢之间的相互作用。
本研究回顾了植物中新陈代谢与染色质修饰之间的联系，特别是组蛋白乙酰化、组蛋白甲基化和DNA甲基化，并将它们与哺乳动物领域的例子进行比较，在哺乳动物领域，与人类疾病的关系已经产生了更多的文献。本研究特别关注活性氧（ROS）和一氧化氮（NO）在调节参与这些染色质修饰的代谢途径和基因活性中的作用。由于ROS和NO是应激反应的标志，我们预测它们在环境反应过程中介导染色质动态变化中也起着关键作用。
由于染色质修饰机制的保守性，哺乳动物和植物共同依赖作为染色质修饰辅因子的代谢中间体。此外，植物特有的非CG甲基化途径对叶酸介导的一碳代谢变化特别敏感。最后，活性氧和氮物质可能会微调表观遗传过程，并且包括植物和动物中参与环境应激反应的类似信号机制。
