Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban, South Africa.
State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, SIST, Fudan University, 200433 Shanghai, China.
Int Immunopharmacol. 2020 Jun;83:106417. doi: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106417. Epub 2020 Mar 19.
Melanoma cancer is an important public health concern owing to its prevalence, high recurrence risk, treatment failures and immunosuppressive abilities. Prolonged immune system activation is the main objective of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) therapies directed against melanoma cancer. Despite the staggering advancements in approved ICIs therapy effectiveness, immune-related adverse events (imAEs) and therapeutic resistance has limited its wide application. Thus, there is a need to establish biomarkers that predict the response to ICIs and imAEs. In this review article, we provide an in-depth understanding of the role of tolerance, immunity, and immunosuppression in antitumor immune response regulation, together with ongoing clinical therapy and suggested biomarkers. These attainments advise that approved ICIs provide a novel approach to durable and prolonged response in cancer patients and will aid in the reduction of treatment cost and duration and enhance patient recovery.
黑色素瘤是一个重要的公共卫生关注点，因为它的普遍性、高复发风险、治疗失败和免疫抑制能力。延长免疫系统的激活是针对黑色素瘤的免疫检查点抑制剂 (ICI) 治疗的主要目标。尽管批准的 ICI 治疗效果令人惊讶，但免疫相关不良事件 (imAE) 和治疗耐药性限制了其广泛应用。因此，需要建立预测对 ICI 和 imAE 反应的生物标志物。在这篇综述文章中，我们深入了解了耐受、免疫和免疫抑制在抗肿瘤免疫反应调节中的作用，以及正在进行的临床治疗和建议的生物标志物。这些研究成果表明，批准的 ICI 为癌症患者提供了一种持久和长期反应的新方法，并将有助于降低治疗成本和持续时间，提高患者康复率。
