Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 603 E. Daniel Street, Champaign, IL, 61820, USA.
Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
J Abnorm Child Psychol. 2020 Jun;48(6):823-837. doi: 10.1007/s10802-020-00634-7.
Deficits in positive emotionality (PE) have been implicated in the etiology of both social anxiety and depression; however, factors that contribute to divergent social anxiety and depression outcomes among youth low in PE remain unknown. Extant research suggests that parent-child stress and peer stress demonstrate differential patterns of associations with social anxiety and depression. Thus, the present study examined prospective interactive effects of PE and chronic parent-child and peer stress on simultaneously developing trajectories of social anxiety and depression symptoms among 543 boys and girls (age 8-16 at baseline, M[SD] = 11.94[2.32] 55.6% female). Parents reported on youth PE at baseline. Domains of chronic interpersonal (parent-child and peer) stress occurring between baseline and 18-months were assessed via child-report by trained interviews using the Youth Life Stress Interview (Rudolph and Flynn Development and Psychopathology, 19(2), 497-521, 2007). Youth completed self-report measures of depression and social anxiety every three months from 18- to 36- months (7 assessments). Conditional bivariate latent growth curve models indicated that main effects of parent-child stress, but not peer stress, predicted trajectories of depression in boys and girls. In girls, high levels of chronic interpersonal stress in both domains predicted stable, elevated trajectories of social anxiety symptoms regardless of PE. In boys, PE contributed to a pattern of differential susceptibility whereby boys high in PE were particularly susceptible to the effects of chronic interpersonal stress, for better or worse.
积极情绪（PE）缺陷与社交焦虑和抑郁的病因都有关联；然而，导致 PE 低的青少年在社交焦虑和抑郁方面出现不同结果的因素尚不清楚。现有研究表明，父母-子女压力和同伴压力与社交焦虑和抑郁的关联模式存在差异。因此，本研究考察了 PE 和慢性父母-子女及同伴压力对同时发展的社交焦虑和抑郁症状轨迹的前瞻性交互影响，共纳入 543 名男孩和女孩（基线时年龄为 8-16 岁，M[SD] = 11.94[2.32]，55.6%为女性）。父母在基线时报告了青少年的 PE。通过使用青少年生活压力访谈（Rudolph 和 Flynn，发展与精神病理学，19(2)，497-521，2007），由受过训练的访谈者通过儿童报告来评估基线至 18 个月期间发生的慢性人际（父母-子女和同伴）压力的各个领域。从 18 个月到 36 个月（共 7 次评估），青少年每三个月完成一次自我报告的抑郁和社交焦虑测量。条件双变量潜增长曲线模型表明，父母-子女压力的主要效应，但不是同伴压力，预测了男孩和女孩抑郁的轨迹。在女孩中，两个领域的慢性人际压力水平较高预测了社交焦虑症状的稳定、升高轨迹，而与 PE 无关。在男孩中，PE 导致了易感性的差异模式，无论 PE 水平如何，高水平的 PE 男孩更容易受到慢性人际压力的影响，无论是好是坏。
