State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.
State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Bio-Research Innovation Center, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215121, China; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China.
Trends Cell Biol. 2020 Apr;30(4):329-338. doi: 10.1016/j.tcb.2020.01.007. Epub 2020 Feb 11.
The liver, whose major functional cell type is the hepatocyte, is a peculiar organ with remarkable regenerative capacity. The widely held notion that hepatic progenitor cells contribute to injury-induced liver regeneration has long been debated. However, multiple lines of evidence suggest that the plasticity of differentiated cells is a major mechanism for the cell source in injury-induced liver regeneration. Investigating cell plasticity could potentially expand our understanding of liver physiology and facilitate the development of new therapies for liver diseases. In this review, we summarize the cell sources for hepatocyte regeneration and the clinical relevance of cell plasticity for human liver diseases. We focus on mechanistic insights on the injury-induced cell plasticity of hepatocytes and biliary epithelial cells and discuss future directions for investigation. Specifically, we propose the notion of 'reprogramming competence' to explain the plasticity of differentiated hepatocytes.
肝脏的主要功能细胞类型是肝细胞，是一种具有显著再生能力的特殊器官。长期以来，人们一直认为肝祖细胞有助于损伤诱导的肝再生，但有多种证据表明，分化细胞的可塑性是损伤诱导的肝再生中细胞来源的主要机制。研究细胞可塑性可能有助于我们加深对肝脏生理学的理解，并为肝脏疾病的治疗提供新的方法。在这篇综述中，我们总结了肝细胞再生的细胞来源以及细胞可塑性对人类肝脏疾病的临床意义。我们重点介绍了肝细胞和胆管上皮细胞在损伤诱导下的细胞可塑性的机制见解，并讨论了未来的研究方向。具体而言，我们提出了“重编程能力”的概念来解释分化肝细胞的可塑性。
