Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, 144 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3M2, Canada.
Translational Medicine Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A4, Canada; Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada.
Trends Pharmacol Sci. 2020 May;41(5):349-361. doi: 10.1016/j.tips.2020.02.004. Epub 2020 Mar 19.
Folates are essential for key biosynthetic processes in mammalian cells and play a crucial role in the maintenance of central nervous system homeostasis. Mammals lack the metabolic capacity for folate biosynthesis; hence, folate requirements are largely met through dietary sources. To date, three major folate transport pathways have been characterized: the folate receptors (FRs), reduced folate carrier (RFC), and proton-coupled folate transporter (PCFT). This article reviews current knowledge on the role of folate transport systems in mediating folate delivery to vital tissues, particularly the brain, and how these pathways are modulated by various regulatory mechanisms. We will also briefly highlight the clinical significance of cerebral folate transport in relation to neurodevelopmental disorders associated with folate deficiency.
叶酸是哺乳动物细胞中关键生物合成过程所必需的，在中枢神经系统内环境稳态的维持中起着关键作用。哺乳动物缺乏叶酸生物合成的代谢能力；因此，叶酸的需求主要通过饮食来源来满足。迄今为止，已经有三种主要的叶酸转运途径被描述：叶酸受体（FRs）、还原叶酸载体（RFC）和质子偶联叶酸转运体（PCFT）。本文综述了叶酸转运系统在介导叶酸向重要组织，特别是大脑的运输中的作用，以及这些途径如何被各种调节机制所调节。我们还将简要介绍与叶酸缺乏相关的神经发育障碍中脑叶酸转运的临床意义。
