Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
Dis Mon. 2020 Jun;66(6):100971. doi: 10.1016/j.disamonth.2020.100971. Epub 2020 Mar 20.
Antimicrobial agents play a key role in controlling and curing infectious disease. Soon after the discovery of the first antibiotic, the challenge of antibiotic resistance commenced. Antimicrobial agents use different mechanisms against bacteria to prevent their pathogenesis and they can be classified as bactericidal or bacteriostatic. Antibiotics are one of the antimicrobial agents which has several classes, each with different targets. Consequently, bacteria are endlessly using methods to overcome the effectivity of the antibiotics by using distinct types of mechanisms. Comprehending the mechanisms of resistance is vital for better understanding and to continue use of current antibiotics. Which also helps to formulate synthetic antimicrobials to overcome the current mechanism of resistance. Also, encourage in prudent use and misuse of antimicrobial agents. Thus, decline in treatment costs and in the rate of morbidity and mortality. This review will be concentrating on the mechanism of actions of several antibiotics and how bacteria develop resistance to them, as well as the method of acquiring the resistance in several bacteria and how can a strain be resistant to several types of antibiotics. This review also analyzes the prevalence, major clinical implications, clinical causes of antibiotic resistance. Further, it evaluates the global burden of antimicrobial resistance, identifies various challenges and strategies in addressing the issue. Finally, put forward certain recommendations to prevent the spread and reduce the rate of resistance growth.
抗菌药物在控制和治疗感染性疾病方面发挥着关键作用。在发现第一种抗生素后不久，抗生素耐药性的挑战就开始了。抗菌药物利用不同的机制来对抗细菌，以防止其发病，并可分为杀菌或抑菌。抗生素是抗菌药物之一，有几类，每类都有不同的靶点。因此，细菌会利用不同的机制来不断克服抗生素的有效性。了解耐药机制对于更好地理解和继续使用现有的抗生素至关重要。这也有助于制定合成抗菌药物来克服当前的耐药机制。同时，鼓励审慎使用和滥用抗菌药物。从而降低治疗成本和发病率及死亡率。这篇综述将集中讨论几种抗生素的作用机制以及细菌如何对它们产生耐药性，以及几种细菌获得耐药性的方式，以及一种菌株如何对几种类型的抗生素产生耐药性。本文还分析了抗生素耐药性的流行情况、主要临床意义、临床耐药原因。进一步评估了全球抗菌药物耐药性负担，确定了解决这一问题的各种挑战和策略。最后，提出了一些建议来防止耐药性的传播和降低耐药性的增长速度。
