Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA; Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
Semin Cell Dev Biol. 2020 Dec;108:65-71. doi: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2020.02.012. Epub 2020 Mar 19.
Lipids play important roles in biology that include structural compartmentation as membranes, energy storage, and regulatory functions as signaling molecules. These molecules can be obtained via the surrounding environment (e.g. diet) or synthesized de novo. Fatty acid synthesis is an energetically demanding process and must therefore be tightly regulated to balance fatty acid availability with the functional and energetic needs of cells and tissues. Here we review key aspects of de novo lipogenesis (DNL) in mammalian systems. We highlight key nodes in the pathway that are used for quantitation of lipogenic fluxes and regulation of fatty acid diversity across tissues. Next, we discuss key aspects of DNL function in the major lipogenic tissues of mammals: liver, white adipose tissue (WAT), and brown adipose tissue (BAT), highlighting recent molecular discoveries that suggest potential roles for tissue specific DNL. Finally, we propose critical questions that will be important to address using the advanced approaches for DNL quantitation described herein.
脂质在生物学中发挥着重要作用，包括作为膜的结构分隔、作为信号分子的能量储存和调节功能。这些分子可以通过周围环境（例如饮食）获得，也可以从头合成。脂肪酸合成是一个能量需求很高的过程，因此必须严格调控，以平衡脂肪酸的可用性与细胞和组织的功能和能量需求。在这里，我们回顾了哺乳动物系统中从头合成（DNL）的关键方面。我们强调了该途径中的关键节点，这些节点用于定量分析脂肪生成通量和调节组织间脂肪酸的多样性。接下来，我们讨论了 DNL 在哺乳动物主要脂肪生成组织中的功能的关键方面：肝脏、白色脂肪组织（WAT）和棕色脂肪组织（BAT），重点介绍了最近的分子发现，这些发现表明组织特异性 DNL 可能具有潜在作用。最后，我们提出了一些关键问题，这些问题对于使用本文所述的 DNL 定量的先进方法来解决将非常重要。
