Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 5-7, DK-1350 Copenhagen K, Denmark.
Globe Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Sci Adv. 2020 Mar 13;6(11):eaay0456. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.aay0456. eCollection 2020 Mar.
The genus (African spotted and Eurasian cave hyenas) includes several closely related extinct and extant lineages. The relationships among these lineages, however, are contentious. Through the generation of population-level paleogenomes from late Pleistocene Eurasian cave hyena and genomes from modern African spotted hyena, we reveal the cross-continental evolutionary relationships between these enigmatic hyena lineages. We find a deep divergence (~2.5 Ma) between African and Eurasian populations, suggesting that ancestral left Africa around the same time as early . Moreover, we find discordance between nuclear and mitochondrial phylogenies and evidence for bidirectional gene flow between African and Eurasian after the lineages split, which may have complicated prior taxonomic classifications. Last, we find a number of introgressed loci that attained high frequencies within the recipient lineage, suggesting some level of adaptive advantage from admixture.
属（非洲斑点和欧亚洞穴鬣狗）包括几个密切相关的已灭绝和现存的谱系。然而，这些谱系之间的关系存在争议。通过对更新世晚期欧亚洞穴鬣狗和现代非洲斑点鬣狗的群体水平古基因组进行分析，我们揭示了这些神秘的鬣狗谱系之间的跨大陆进化关系。我们发现非洲和欧亚种群之间存在很深的分歧（约 250 万年前），这表明祖先大约在同一时间离开非洲，进入早期的。此外，我们发现核和线粒体系统发育之间存在不和谐，并在谱系分裂后发现了非洲和欧亚种群之间的双向基因流动的证据，这可能使之前的分类复杂化。最后，我们发现了一些在受纳谱系中达到高频率的渐渗基因座，这表明混合具有一定程度的适应性优势。
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