Gelabert Pere, Oberreiter Victoria, Straus Lawrence Guy, Morales Manuel Ramón González, Sawyer Susanna, Marín-Arroyo Ana B, Geiling Jeanne Marie, Exler Florian, Brueck Florian, Franz Stefan, Cano Fernanda Tenorio, Szedlacsek Sophie, Zelger Evelyn, Hämmerle Michelle, Zagorc Brina, Llanos-Lizcano Alejandro, Cheronet Olivia, Tejero José-Miguel, Rattei Thomas, Kraemer Stephan M, Pinhasi Ron
Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
Human Evolution and Archeological Sciences (HEAS), University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
Nat Commun. 2025 Jan 2;16(1):107. doi: 10.1038/s41467-024-55740-7.
Caves are primary sites for studying human and animal subsistence patterns and genetic ancestry throughout the Palaeolithic. Iberia served as a critical human and animal refugium in Europe during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), 26.5 to 19 thousand years before the present (cal kya). Therefore, it is a key location for understanding human and animal population dynamics during this event. We recover and analyse sedimentary ancient DNA (sedaDNA) data from the lower archaeological stratigraphic sequence of El Mirón Cave (Cantabria, Spain), encompassing the (1) Late Mousterian period, associated with Neanderthals, and (2) the Gravettian (c. 31.5 cal kya), Solutrean (c. 24.5-22 cal kya), and Initial Magdalenian (d. 21-20.5 cal kya) periods, associated with anatomically modern humans. We identify 28 animal taxa including humans. Fifteen of these taxa had not been identified from the archaeozoological (i.e., faunal) record, including the presence of hyenas in the Magdalenian. Additionally, we provide phylogenetic analyses on 70 sedaDNA mtDNA genomes of fauna including the densest Iberian Pleistocene sampling of C. lupus. Finally, we recover three human mtDNA sequences from the Solutrean levels. These sequences, along with published data, suggest mtDNA haplogroup continuity in Iberia throughout the Solutrean/Last Glacial Maximum period.
洞穴是研究整个旧石器时代人类和动物生存模式及基因谱系的主要场所。在末次盛冰期（LGM，距今26500至19000年校准千年）期间，伊比利亚半岛是欧洲重要的人类和动物避难所。因此，它是了解这一时期人类和动物种群动态的关键地点。我们从西班牙坎塔布里亚埃尔米龙洞穴较低的考古地层序列中采集并分析了沉积古DNA（sedaDNA）数据，该序列涵盖了：（1）与尼安德特人相关的莫斯特晚期；以及（2）与解剖学意义上的现代人相关的格拉维特期（约31.5校准千年）、梭鲁特期（约24.5 - 22校准千年）和马格德林初期（约21 - 20.5校准千年）。我们识别出包括人类在内的28个动物分类单元。其中15个分类单元在考古动物学（即动物区系）记录中未被识别，包括马格德林期鬣狗的存在。此外，我们对70个动物sedaDNA线粒体基因组进行了系统发育分析，其中包括伊比利亚更新世最密集的灰狼采样。最后，我们从梭鲁特期地层中获得了三条人类线粒体DNA序列。这些序列以及已发表的数据表明，在整个梭鲁特期/末次盛冰期，伊比利亚半岛的线粒体DNA单倍群具有连续性。
