Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu 42472, Korea.
National Academy of Agricultural Science, Jeonjusi, Jeonbuk 54875, Korea.
Toxins (Basel). 2020 Mar 19;12(3):195. doi: 10.3390/toxins12030195.
Bee venom is a natural toxin produced by honeybees and plays an important role in defending bee colonies. Bee venom has several kinds of peptides, including melittin, apamin, adolapamine, and mast cell degranulation peptides. Apamin accounts for about 2%-3% dry weight of bee venom and is a peptide neurotoxin that contains 18 amino acid residues that are tightly crosslinked by two disulfide bonds. It is well known for its pharmacological functions, which irreversibly block Ca2+-activated K+ (SK) channels. Apamin regulates gene expression in various signal transduction pathways involved in cell development. The aim of this study was to review the current understanding of apamin in the treatment of apoptosis, fibrosis, and central nervous system diseases, which are the pathological processes of various diseases. Apamin's potential therapeutic and pharmacological applications are also discussed.
蜂毒是由蜜蜂产生的一种天然毒素，在保护蜂群方面起着重要作用。蜂毒含有几种肽，包括蜂毒素、蜂毒明肽、阿多来巴胺和肥大细胞脱颗粒肽。蜂毒明肽占蜂毒干重的 2%-3%，是一种含有 18 个氨基酸残基的肽类神经毒素，由两个二硫键紧密交联。它以其药理学功能而闻名，可不可逆地阻断 Ca2+激活的 K+（SK）通道。蜂毒明肽调节参与细胞发育的各种信号转导途径中的基因表达。本研究旨在综述蜂毒明肽在治疗细胞凋亡、纤维化和中枢神经系统疾病（各种疾病的病理过程）方面的最新认识。还讨论了蜂毒明肽的潜在治疗和药理学应用。
