孕期及哺乳期使用大麻：药剂师的作用。
Cannabis use in pregnancy and breastfeeding: The pharmacist's role.
作者信息
Davis Erin, Lee Tiffany, Weber John T, Bugden Shawn
机构信息
Memorial University School of Pharmacy, St. John's, Newfoundland.
出版信息
Can Pharm J (Ott). 2020 Jan 8;153(2):95-100. doi: 10.1177/1715163519893395. eCollection 2020 Mar-Apr.
BACKGROUND
The recent legalization of cannabis use in Canada requires pharmacists to be able to support their patients with accurate knowledge of its known risks and benefits. Certain populations, such as pregnant and breastfeeding women and their developing children, may be at higher risk than other populations.
METHODS
The authors independently searched the literature for clinical reports or reviews of the literature regarding the safety of cannabis use in pregnancy and breastfeeding using search terms such as and .
RESULTS
This review combines the relevant pharmacological, pharmacokinetic and clinical evidence for the effects of cannabis in this special patient population. The literature demonstrates that some of the constituents of cannabis can reach children in utero and through breastmilk. Given that Δ⁹-tetrahydrocannabinol can be present in breastmilk as quickly as 1 hour after consumption and last up to 6 days, it may not be possible to use cannabis and avoid infant exposure. There is evidence that this exposure may result in cognitive, social and motor defects. Some of these effects may be long term, lasting years. The pharmacist must be able to educate and screen patients regarding marijuana use in pregnancy and breastfeeding, with the ultimate aim of harm reduction.
背景
加拿大近期将大麻使用合法化，这要求药剂师能够凭借对大麻已知风险和益处的准确了解来为患者提供支持。某些人群，如孕妇、哺乳期妇女及其发育中的胎儿，可能比其他人群面临更高风险。
方法
作者独立检索文献，以寻找有关孕期和哺乳期使用大麻安全性的临床报告或文献综述，使用了诸如……等检索词。
结果
本综述汇集了大麻对这一特殊患者群体影响的相关药理学、药代动力学和临床证据。文献表明，大麻的某些成分可通过胎盘和母乳传递给胎儿。鉴于食用大麻后1小时内母乳中就可能出现Δ⁹ - 四氢大麻酚，且可持续长达6天，使用大麻并避免婴儿接触可能不太可行。有证据表明这种接触可能导致认知、社交和运动缺陷。其中一些影响可能是长期的，会持续数年。药剂师必须能够就孕期和哺乳期使用大麻的问题对患者进行教育和筛查，最终目的是减少危害。
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