Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Campus-Vienna-Biocenter 1, 1030 Vienna, Austria.
The Gurdon Institute and Department of Physiology, Development, and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK.
Trends Neurosci. 2020 Apr;43(4):213-226. doi: 10.1016/j.tins.2020.02.002. Epub 2020 Mar 4.
Neural stem cells (NSCs) are multipotent progenitors that are responsible for producing all of the neurons and macroglia in the nervous system. In adult mammals, NSCs reside predominantly in a mitotically dormant, quiescent state, but they can proliferate in response to environmental inputs such as feeding or exercise. It is hoped that quiescent NSCs could be activated therapeutically to contribute towards repair in humans. This will require an understanding of quiescent NSC heterogeneities and regulation during normal physiology and following brain injury. Non-mammalian vertebrates (zebrafish and salamanders) and invertebrates (Drosophila) offer insights into brain repair and quiescence regulation that are difficult to obtain using rodent models alone. We review conceptual progress from these various models, a first step towards harnessing quiescent NSCs for therapeutic purposes.
神经干细胞（NSCs）是多能祖细胞，负责产生神经系统中的所有神经元和神经胶质细胞。在成年哺乳动物中，NSCs 主要处于有丝分裂休眠、静止状态，但它们可以响应喂养或运动等环境输入而增殖。人们希望通过激活静止的 NSCs 来促进人类的修复。这需要了解正常生理和脑损伤后静止 NSC 的异质性和调节。非哺乳动物（斑马鱼和蝾螈）和无脊椎动物（果蝇）为脑修复和静止调节提供了难以仅使用啮齿动物模型获得的见解。我们回顾了这些不同模型的概念进展，这是朝着利用静止 NSCs 进行治疗目的迈出的第一步。
