Timmins Ryan G, Shamim Baubak, Tofari Paul J, Hickey Jack T, Camera Donny M
Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2020 Mar 25;15(9):1223-1230. doi: 10.1123/ijspp.2019-0788. Print 2020 Oct 1.
To investigate strength and structural adaptations after 12 weeks of resistance, endurance cycling, and concurrent training.
Thirty-two healthy males undertook 12 weeks of resistance-only (RT; n = 10), endurance-only (END; n = 10), or concurrent resistance and endurance training (CONC; n = 12). Biceps femoris long head (BFlh) architecture, strength (3-lift 1-repetition maximum), and body composition were assessed.
Fascicle length of the BFlh reduced 15% (6%) (P < .001) and 9% (6%) (P < .001) in the END and CONC groups postintervention, with no change in the RT group (-4% [11%], P = .476). All groups increased BFlh pennation angle (CONC: 18% [9%], RT: 14% [8%], and END: 18% [10%]). Thickness of the BFlh increased postintervention by 7% (6%) (P = .002) and 7% (7%) (P = .003) in the CONC and RT groups, respectively, but not in the END group (0% [3%], P = .994). Both the CONC and RT groups significantly increased by 27% (11%) (P < .001) and 33% (12%) (P < .001) in 3-lift totals following the intervention, with no changes in the END cohort (6% [6%], P = .166). No significant differences were found for total body (CONC: 4% [2%], RT: 4% [2%], and END: 3% [2%]) and leg (CONC: 5% [3%], RT: 6% [3%], and END: 5% [3%]) fat-free mass.
Twelve weeks of RT, END, or CONC significantly modified BFlh architecture. This study suggests that conventional resistance training may dampen BFlh fascicle shortening from cycling training while increasing strength simultaneously in concurrent training. Furthermore, the inclusion of a cycle endurance training stimulus may result in alterations to hamstring architecture that increase the risk of future injury. Therefore, the incorporation of endurance cycling training within concurrent training paradigms should be reevaluated when trying to modulate injury risk.
研究进行12周的抗阻训练、耐力骑行训练以及联合训练后的力量和结构适应性变化。
32名健康男性分别进行12周的单纯抗阻训练（RT；n = 10）、单纯耐力训练（END；n = 10）或抗阻与耐力联合训练（CONC；n = 12）。评估股二头肌长头（BFlh）的结构、力量（3次重复的最大重量）和身体成分。
干预后，END组和CONC组的BFlh肌束长度分别减少了15%（6%）（P <.001）和9%（6%）（P <.001），RT组无变化（-4% [11%]，P =.476）。所有组的BFlh羽状角均增加（CONC组：18% [9%]，RT组：14% [8%]，END组：18% [10%]）。干预后，CONC组和RT组的BFlh厚度分别增加了7%（6%）（P =.002）和7%（7%）（P =.003），而END组无增加（0% [3%]，P =.994）。干预后，CONC组和RT组的3次重复总重量分别显著增加了27%（11%）（P <.001）和33%（12%）（P <.001），END组无变化（6% [6%]，P =.166）。全身（CONC组：4% [2%]，RT组：4% [2%]，END组：3% [2%]）和腿部（CONC组：5% [3%]，RT组：6% [3%]，END组：5% [3%]）的去脂体重无显著差异。
12周的RT、END或CONC训练均显著改变了BFlh的结构。本研究表明，传统抗阻训练可能会抑制骑行训练导致的BFlh肌束缩短，同时在联合训练中增强力量。此外，加入骑行耐力训练刺激可能会导致腘绳肌结构改变，增加未来受伤风险。因此，在试图调节受伤风险时，应重新评估在联合训练模式中加入耐力骑行训练的做法。
