Department of Sport Sciences, Polytechnic Institute of Guarda, Guarda 6300-559, Portugal.
Research Center in Sport Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, CIDESD, Vila Real 5001-801, Portugal.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Mar 23;17(6):2126. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17062126.
This study aimed to identify potential predictors of 200 m front crawl performance at the winter season peak based on the anthropometric, physiological and biomechanical domains. Twelve expert male swimmers completed an incremental 7 × 200 m step test immediately after their most important winter competitions. Measurements were made of: (i) height, body mass and arm span as anthropometrical parameters; (ii) velocity at a 4 mmol·L lactate concentration (V4), maximal oxygen uptake (VO) and energy cost (C), as physiological parameters; (iii) stroke frequency (SF), stroke length (SL), stroke index (SI) and propelling efficiency (η) as biomechanical indicators; and (iv) 200 m front crawl race time in official long course competitions. Spearman correlation coefficients identified V4 as the single factor having significant relationship with performance. Simple regression analysis determined V4, SI and arm span as the most relevant variables of each group. Multiple linear regression models showed that physiological factors explained better (59%) the variation in performance at this stage of the season, followed by the biomechanical (14%) ones. Therefore, V4 can be one important aspect for training control and diagnosis for those who want to achieve success in the 200 m front crawl at the winter season peak.
本研究旨在基于人体测量学、生理学和生物力学领域，确定冬季高峰期 200 米自由泳成绩的潜在预测指标。12 名优秀男性游泳运动员在冬季最重要的比赛后立即完成了递增的 7×200 米台阶测试。测量了以下参数：（i）身高、体重和臂展作为人体测量学参数；（ii）4mmol·L 乳酸浓度时的速度（V4）、最大摄氧量（VO）和能量消耗（C），作为生理学参数；（iii）划频（SF）、划长（SL）、划桨指数（SI）和推进效率（η）作为生物力学指标；（iv）在正式长池比赛中 200 米自由泳的比赛时间。Spearman 相关系数确定 V4 是与表现具有显著关系的单一因素。简单回归分析确定 V4、SI 和臂展是每个组最相关的变量。多元线性回归模型表明，在本季节的这个阶段，生理因素可以更好地解释（59%）表现的变化，其次是生物力学因素（14%）。因此，V4 可以成为那些希望在冬季高峰期 200 米自由泳中取得成功的人进行训练控制和诊断的一个重要方面。
