Biomechanics and Performance Analysis, Australian Institute of Sport, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia.
Sports Med. 2010 Apr 1;40(4):271-83. doi: 10.2165/11319430-000000000-00000.
Research on expertise, talent identification and development has tended to be mono-disciplinary, typically adopting genocentric or environmentalist positions, with an overriding focus on operational issues. In this paper, the validity of dualist positions on sport expertise is evaluated. It is argued that, to advance understanding of expertise and talent development, a shift towards a multidisciplinary and integrative science focus is necessary, along with the development of a comprehensive multidisciplinary theoretical rationale. Here we elucidate dynamical systems theory as a multidisciplinary theoretical rationale for capturing how multiple interacting constraints can shape the development of expert performers. This approach suggests that talent development programmes should eschew the notion of common optimal performance models, emphasize the individual nature of pathways to expertise, and identify the range of interacting constraints that impinge on performance potential of individual athletes, rather than evaluating current performance on physical tests referenced to group norms.
对专业知识、人才识别和发展的研究往往是单一学科的，通常采取人类中心主义或环境主义的立场，过于关注操作问题。本文评估了体育专业知识二元论立场的有效性。有人认为，为了深入了解专业知识和人才发展，有必要向多学科和综合性科学焦点转变，并制定全面的多学科理论基础。在这里，我们阐述了动力系统理论作为一种多学科理论基础，用于捕捉多个相互作用的约束条件如何塑造专家表现者的发展。这种方法表明，人才发展计划应该摒弃常见最佳表现模式的概念，强调通往专业知识的个体性质，并确定影响个体运动员表现潜力的相互作用约束条件的范围，而不是根据群体规范评估身体测试的当前表现。
