Institute of Molecular Infection Biology, University of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany.
Helmholtz Institute for RNA-based Infection Research (HIRI), 97080 Würzburg, Germany.
EcoSal Plus. 2020 Mar;9(1). doi: 10.1128/ecosalplus.ESP-0030-2019.
The last few decades have led to an explosion in our understanding of the major roles that small regulatory RNAs (sRNAs) play in regulatory circuits and the responses to stress in many bacterial species. Much of the foundational work was carried out with and serovar Typhimurium. The studies of these organisms provided an overview of how the sRNAs function and their impact on bacterial physiology, serving as a blueprint for sRNA biology in many other prokaryotes. They also led to the development of new technologies. In this chapter, we first summarize how these sRNAs were identified, defining them in the process. We discuss how they are regulated and how they act and provide selected examples of their roles in regulatory circuits and the consequences of this regulation. Throughout, we summarize the methodologies that were developed to identify and study the regulatory RNAs, most of which are applicable to other bacteria. Newly updated databases of the known sRNAs in K-12 and Typhimurium SL1344 serve as a reference point for much of the discussion and, hopefully, as a resource for readers and for future experiments to address open questions raised in this review.
过去几十年的研究使我们对小调控 RNA（sRNA）在许多细菌物种的调控回路和应激反应中所起的主要作用有了更深入的了解。这些研究中的大部分工作都是以 和 血清型鼠伤寒沙门氏菌进行的。这些生物体的研究提供了 sRNA 如何发挥作用及其对细菌生理学的影响的概述，为许多其他原核生物的 sRNA 生物学提供了蓝图。它们还催生了新技术的发展。在本章中，我们首先总结了这些 sRNA 是如何被识别的，并在这个过程中对其进行了定义。我们讨论了它们是如何被调控的，以及它们如何发挥作用，并提供了它们在调控回路中的作用的一些例子，以及这种调控的后果。在整个讨论中，我们总结了用于识别和研究调控 RNA 的方法，其中大部分方法适用于其他细菌。 K-12 和 鼠伤寒沙门氏菌 SL1344 中已知 sRNA 的最新更新数据库是讨论的重要参考点，并希望能为读者和未来的实验提供资源，以解决本综述中提出的未解决问题。
