College of Energy, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.
College of Environment and Resources, Zhejiang Agricultural and Forestry University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
Sci Total Environ. 2020 Jun 25;723:137775. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137775. Epub 2020 Mar 10.
Biochar is a product of biomass thermochemical conversion. Its yield and quality vary significantly with the production technology and process parameters, which also affect its performance in agro and forestry systems. In this review, biochar production technologies including slow pyrolysis, fast pyrolysis, gasification, and torrefaction were compared. The yield of biochar was found to decrease with faster heating rate or more oxygen available. The benefits of biochar application to agro and forestry systems were discussed. Improvements in soil health, plant growth, carbon sequestration, and greenhouse gas mitigation are apparent in many cases, but opposite results do exist, indicating that the beneficial aspect of biochar are limited to particular conditions such as the type of biochar used, the rate of application, soil type, climate, and crop species. Limitations of current studies and future research needed on biochar are also discussed. Specifically, the relationships among biochar production technologies, biochar properties, and biochar performance in agro and forestry systems must be better understood.
生物炭是生物质热化学转化的产物。其得率和质量随生产技术和工艺参数的变化而显著变化，这也影响了它在农业和林业系统中的性能。在这篇综述中，比较了包括慢速热解、快速热解、气化和干馏在内的生物炭生产技术。发现生物炭的产率随加热速率的加快或氧气供应的增加而降低。讨论了生物炭在农业和林业系统中的应用的好处。在许多情况下，生物炭的应用明显改善了土壤健康、植物生长、碳固存和温室气体减排，但也存在相反的结果，这表明生物炭的有益方面仅限于特定条件，如所用生物炭的类型、应用率、土壤类型、气候和作物种类。还讨论了当前研究和未来研究对生物炭的局限性。具体来说，必须更好地理解生物炭生产技术、生物炭特性和生物炭在农业和林业系统中的性能之间的关系。
