Institute of Agricultural Economics and Development, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China.
School of Statistics, Qufu Normal University, Shandong 273100, PR China.
Sci Total Environ. 2020 Jun 25;723:137726. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137726. Epub 2020 Mar 3.
Pollution discharge from animal husbandry deteriorates the environment and is of global concern. In this study, data envelopment analysis (DEA) was used to indirectly estimate the pollution discharge of livestock and poultry breeding in terms of sustainable development in China. Land, biogas, and grassland were included as input indexes, and the inverted values of indexes of organic matter, nitrogen, and phosphorus produced by pigs, dairy cattle, beef cattle, poultry, and sheep were included as output indexes. Based on the DEA model with variable returns to scale, the "pollution intensity index of livestock and poultry breeding" was estimated using the principle of output maximization. This study focused on livestock and poultry farming pollution emissions, and the slack-based measure directional distance and metafrontier efficiency functions were used to measure the environmental total factor productivity (ETFP) of animal husbandry in each province and six major animal husbandry production regions of China during 2001-2017. Additionally, a spatial econometric model was employed to analyze the factors affecting animal husbandry ETFP. The results show that the mean value of animal husbandry ETFP was higher than that of conventional total factor productivity. The driver of increased animal husbandry ETFP was technological progress. Overall, China's animal husbandry was developing sustainably, and there was little scope for group technology to catch up. According to an empirical analysis of influencing factors, farmers' improved per capita income level and environmental governance helped to increase animal husbandry ETFP. Furthermore, various measures to improve animal husbandry ETFP in China according to local conditions are needed. Finally, animal husbandry should continue to develop sustainably, using environmental regulations that continuously exert the "Porter Effect."
畜牧业污染排放恶化了环境，引起了全球关注。本研究采用数据包络分析（DEA）方法，从可持续发展角度间接估算中国畜禽养殖业的污染排放。以土地、沼气和草地为投入指标，猪、奶牛、肉牛、家禽和羊的有机质、氮和磷产生量的倒数为产出指标。基于具有可变报酬的 DEA 模型，采用产出最大化原则，估算了“畜禽养殖污染强度指数”。本研究聚焦于畜禽养殖污染排放，利用松弛导向距离测度和超前沿效率函数，测算了 2001-2017 年中国各省份和六大畜牧业生产区的畜牧业环境全要素生产率（ETFP）。此外，还采用空间计量模型分析了影响畜牧业 ETFP 的因素。结果表明，畜牧业 ETFP 的平均值高于传统全要素生产率。推动畜牧业 ETFP 增长的主要因素是技术进步。总体而言，中国畜牧业发展具有可持续性，群体技术赶超的空间较小。根据影响因素的实证分析，农民人均收入水平的提高和环境治理有助于提高畜牧业 ETFP。此外，还需要根据当地情况采取各种措施来提高中国的畜牧业 ETFP。最后，畜牧业应继续可持续发展，利用环境法规不断发挥“波特效应”。
